In 2020, the first issue of Qiushi magazine published an important article by General Secretary of the Supreme Leader.Adhere to and improve the Socialism with Chinese characteristics system and promote the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity,This is the main part of the general secretary’s speech at the second plenary session of the Fourth Plenary Session of the 19 th CPC Central Committee on October 31, 2019. To study and implement the spirit of the plenary session, this important article must be read deeply and intensively. Note Jun highlighted the key points and summarized them.40 questions and 40 answers,The first part is now released to help you study better!

　　Question 1: Why should we uphold and improve the Socialism with Chinese characteristics system and promote the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity?

　　Upholding and perfecting the Socialism with Chinese characteristics system and promoting the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity are major issues related to the prosperity of the party and the country, the long-term stability of the country, and the happiness and well-being of the people.

　　Question 2: Why use a plenary session to conduct research and deployment on upholding and improving the Socialism with Chinese characteristics system and promoting the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity?

　　The decision of the CPC Central Committee to devote a plenary session to the study and deployment of this major issue is a major decision made from the political, overall and strategic perspectives, based on the present and with a long-term perspective.

　　Question 3: What is the significance of the Decision of the Fourth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee?

　　The decision adopted at this plenary session comprehensively answered the major political question of what should be adhered to and consolidated, and what should be improved and developed in China’s state system and state governance system. It is a programmatic document of Marxism and a political manifesto of Marxism.

　　Q 4: Why is the system important?

　　Institutional advantage is the greatest advantage of a country, and institutional competition is the most fundamental competition among countries. A stable system leads to a stable country.

　　Question 5: What is the root cause of the 70-year achievements of New China?

　　Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China 70 years ago, the Chinese nation has made a great leap from standing up, becoming rich and becoming strong. The most fundamental reason is that the Party has led the people to establish and improve the Socialism with Chinese characteristics system, formed and developed the Party’s leadership and economic, political, cultural, social, ecological, military and foreign affairs systems, and constantly strengthened and improved national governance.

　　Question 6: What are the factors that influence the choice of national system and national governance system?

　　What kind of national system and governance system a country chooses is determined by its historical culture, social nature and economic development level.

　　Question 7: How did Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s system and national governance system come about?

　　Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s system and national governance system did not fall from the sky, but grew up in the social soil of China. They were formed through the long-term practice of revolution, construction and reform, the product of the combination of the basic principles of Marxism with China’s concrete reality, the result of the unity of theoretical innovation, practical innovation and institutional innovation, and the wisdom of the party and the people, with profound historical logic, theoretical logic and practical logic.

　　Question 8: What are the rich ideas about state system and state governance in Chinese history?

　　During thousands of years’ historical evolution, the Chinese nation has created splendid ancient civilization and formed rich thoughts on the national system and governance, including the great ideal of "Great Harmony", the unified tradition of "Six in One Wind, Four in One World", the idea of "ruling by virtue while punishing by virtue", the people-oriented thought of "valuing the people while caring for the people by politics", and the equal concept of "equality between the rich and the poor, making up for the losses". The moral ethics of filial piety, loyalty, courtesy, honesty and shame, the standard of appointing people on merit, selecting talents and ability, the reform spirit of Zhou’s old country and his life reform, the diplomatic way of being kind to neighbors and harmonizing all nations, the peace concept of valuing peace and fighting will die, and so on.

　　Question 9: What is the relationship between these rich ideas and Marxism?

　　The essence of these thoughts is an important part of Chinese excellent traditional culture and an important part of Chinese national spirit. After the introduction of Marxism into China, the idea of scientific socialism was warmly welcomed by the people of China, and finally took root in China, blossoming and bearing fruit. It was by no means accidental, but it was integrated with the excellent history and culture passed down by our country for thousands of years and the values that the broad masses of people did not realize every day.

　　Marx had a keen observation on the revolutionary slogan with socialist factors put forward by the peasant uprising in ancient China. He said, "China’s socialism is to European socialism, perhaps just like China’s philosophy and Hegel’s philosophy".

　　Question 10: Where is the advanced state system and state governance system in China’s history?

　　China has been in a leading position in the history of human development for a long time. Since ancient times, it has gradually formed a set of national systems and national governance systems, including the imperial court system, county system, land system, tax system, imperial examination system, supervision system and military system, which have been learned and imitated by neighboring countries and nations.

　　Question 11: What happened to China’s state system and state governance system after entering modern times?

　　After entering modern times, the feudal rule was decadent and incompetent, and imperialist powers invaded, which led to China gradually becoming a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society, and the autocratic monarchy that ruled China for thousands of years fell into a comprehensive crisis.

　　Question 12: What attempts has China made in the national system and governance system since modern times?

　　Faced with the deepening political crisis and national crisis, countless people with lofty ideals began to explore new national systems and national governance systems in order to change the future and destiny of China, and tried various institutional models such as constitutional monarchy, parliamentary system, multi-party system and presidential system, but all ended in failure.

　　Question 13: How did the people of China and the Chinese nation embark on the right path?

　　Only after the founding of the Communist Party of China (CPC) did the people of China and the Chinese nation find the right way to achieve national independence, people’s liberation, national prosperity and people’s happiness.

　　During the period of the new-democratic revolution, our party United and led the people to create people’s political power in the base areas, explored the establishment of new-democratic economic, political and cultural systems, and accumulated valuable experience for the establishment of a new state system in which the people were the masters of the country.

　　After seizing the national political power, our party United and led the people to formulate the Common Program and the 1954 Constitution, defined the state system, regime and state structure, and established the organizational system of state power. Our party then united and led the people in socialist transformation, established the basic socialist system, successfully realized the deepest and greatest social change in the history of China, and laid the fundamental political premise and institutional foundation for all development and progress in contemporary China.

　　Since the reform and opening-up, our party has united and led the people to create Socialism with Chinese characteristics, constantly improving the Socialism with Chinese characteristics system and the national governance system, and making contemporary China glow with unprecedented vitality.

　　Question 14: How to evaluate and position Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s system and national governance system?

　　Generally speaking, the Socialism with Chinese characteristics system and the national governance system are guided by Marxism, rooted in the land of China, with profound Chinese cultural roots and won the support of the people. They are the fundamental achievements made by the party and the people through long-term struggle, relay exploration, hardships and huge costs. We must cherish them, unswervingly adhere to them and keep pace with the times.

　　Question 15: How to understand the development achievements and remarkable advantages of China’s national system and national governance system?

　　The plenary session systematically summarizes the development achievements and remarkable advantages of China’s national system and national governance system, with the aim of promoting the firm institutional self-confidence of the whole party and people of all ethnic groups, so that the remarkable advantages of China’s national system and national governance system in many aspects can be brought into full play.

　　Maintaining and constantly enhancing these advantages for a long time is the direction of our efforts to uphold and improve the Socialism with Chinese characteristics system and promote the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity in the new era.

　　Question 16: What are the criteria for evaluating whether a system is good or not?

　　To see whether a system is good or not, we should judge and grasp it from the political and general aspects.

　　Comrade Deng Xiaoping said in the Reform of the Leadership System of the Party and the State in 1980, "We should catch up with the developed capitalist countries economically, create higher and more practical democracy than the capitalist countries politically, and train more and better talents than these countries", "Whether the various systems of the Party and the State are good or not, whether they are perfect or not, must be tested by whether they are conducive to the realization of these three principles".

　　In 2014, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader profoundly pointed out at the celebration of the 60th anniversary of the founding of the National People’s Congress: "To evaluate whether a country’s political system is democratic and effective depends mainly on whether the national leadership can be replaced in an orderly manner according to law, whether all the people can manage state affairs and social affairs, manage economic and cultural undertakings according to law, whether the people can express their interests smoothly, and whether all sectors of society can effectively participate in the political life of the country. Whether national decision-making can be scientific and democratic, whether all talents can enter the national leadership and management system through fair competition, whether the ruling party can achieve leadership over state affairs in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution and laws, and whether the use of power can be effectively restricted and supervised. "

　　Question 17: What are the important reasons why China’s national system and national governance system have obvious advantages?

　　The reason why China’s state system and state governance system have obvious advantages in many aspects is that in the long-term practice and exploration, our party insists on combining the basic principles of Marxism with the specific reality of China, organically unifying the development of the correct road, scientific theory and effective system, and guiding the construction of state system and state governance system with China-oriented Marxism and developing Marxism. We should deepen our understanding of communist party’s laws of governance, socialist construction and the development of human society, and turn successful practical experience into institutional achievements in time, so that China’s national system and national governance system not only embody the basic principles of scientific socialism, but also have distinctive China characteristics, national characteristics and characteristics of the times.

　　Question 18: What are the essential attributes of China’s national system and national governance system?

　　Always representing the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people, ensuring that the people are masters of the country, embodying the common will of the people and safeguarding the legitimate rights and interests of the people are the essential attributes of China’s national system and national governance system, and are also the basis for their effective operation and vitality.

　　China’s national system and national governance system always focus on realizing, safeguarding and developing the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people, and strive to safeguard and improve people’s livelihood, so that the fruits of reform and development can benefit all the people more fairly, thus effectively avoiding the phenomena of party disputes, favoritism of interest groups, manipulation of a few political "elites" and so on, which is unparalleled in its advanced nature.

　　Question 19: How to treat other countries’ national governance experience?

　　We have never rejected any experience of other countries’ national governance that is beneficial to China’s development and progress. Instead, we insist on taking me as the mainstay and making use of it, removing its dross and taking its essence.

　　For example, during the period of socialist construction, China’s state system and state governance system borrowed and absorbed many useful experiences from the Soviet Union. Since the reform and opening-up, we have been opening wider to the outside world, organically combining the socialist system with the market economy, giving full play to the decisive role of the market in the allocation of resources, and giving better play to the role of the government, greatly liberating and developing social productive forces and greatly liberating and enhancing social vitality.

　　Question 20: Where is the strong self-improvement ability of China’s national system and national governance system?

　　A big difference between scientific socialism and utopian socialism lies in that it is not an unchangeable dogma, but regards socialism as a practical process of continuous improvement and development.

　　More than 40 years of reform and opening-up have strongly promoted Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s system and national governance system to become mature in the process of eliminating the shortcomings of institutional mechanisms. Especially since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, we have comprehensively deepened reforms, fully demonstrating the strong self-improvement ability of China’s national system and national governance system.

　　It can be expected that with the deepening of comprehensive reform, China’s national system and national governance system will surely win greater comparative advantages in international competition and show greater vitality.

　　Question 21: How to judge whether a national system and national governance system are effective?

　　Whether China’s national system and national governance system work or not, practice is the best touchstone.

　　Question 22: In the 70 years since the founding of New China, what two miracles have our party led the people to create?

　　In the 70 years since the founding of New China, our party has led the people to create two wonders that are rare in the world.

　　First, the miracle of rapid economic development. China has made great strides to catch up with the times. It took decades to complete the industrialization process that developed countries have gone through for hundreds of years, and it has become the second largest economy in the world. Its comprehensive national strength, scientific and technological strength, national defense strength, cultural influence and international influence have been significantly improved, people’s lives have been significantly improved, and the Chinese nation has stood in the east of the world with a brand-new attitude.

　　The second is the miracle of long-term social stability. China has maintained social harmony and stability for a long time, and its people live and work in peace and contentment, and has become one of the most secure countries recognized by the international community.

　　Question 23: On which major political issue does the General Secretary emphasize the need for determination and determination?

　　The shoes don’t fit, only the wearer knows. The people of China know best and have the most say in whether the Socialism with Chinese characteristics system is good or not. We must be determined and opinionated on this major political issue, and we must never lose our ideas and lose our footing.

　　Question 24: How to be a wise man politically?

　　It is very important for all comrades in the Party, especially leading cadres at all levels, to be politically savvy, that is, at all times and under all circumstances, we should be firm in Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s road confidence, theoretical confidence, institutional confidence and cultural confidence, and truly "persevere despite all hardships".

　　Question 25: What aspects should we focus on to implement the spirit of the plenary session?

　　We should do three things well, one is to persist and consolidate, the other is to improve and develop, and the third is to abide by and implement.

　　Question 26: How to understand that the party’s leadership system is the fundamental leadership system in China?

　　Socialism with Chinese characteristics system is a strict and complete scientific system, and the fundamental system, basic system and important system play an important role, among which the party’s leadership system plays a leading role. The party’s leadership system is the fundamental leadership system in China.

　　Question 27: What is the most valuable experience of the Party in leading the people in revolution, construction and reform?

　　Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, we have clearly put forward that "the most essential feature of Socialism with Chinese characteristics is the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s leadership, the greatest advantage of the Socialism with Chinese characteristics system is the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s leadership, and the Party is the highest political leadership".

　　This plenary session emphasized that "we must adhere to the party, government, military and civilian studies, the East, the West, the North and the South, and the Party is in charge of everything, resolutely safeguard the authority of the Party Central Committee, improve the system of the Party’s leadership that takes the overall situation into account and coordinates all parties, and implement the Party’s leadership in all fields and aspects of state governance."

　　This is the most valuable experience for the Party to lead the people in revolution, construction and reform.

　　Question 28: How to uphold and consolidate the Party’s leadership system?

　　We must uphold the Party’s leadership and consciously implement the Party’s fundamental requirement of commanding the overall situation and coordinating all parties in promoting the system construction in all aspects, promoting the development of all undertakings, and strengthening and improving all aspects of work.

　　Question 29: What new generalizations have been made by the Fourth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee in terms of fundamental system, basic system and important system?

　　This plenary session summed up practical experience and made some new generalizations on the basis of the fundamental system, basic system and important system that our party has defined.

　　For example, the socialist basic economic system is defined as "the socialist basic economic system with public ownership as the main body, multiple ownership economies developing together, distribution according to work as the main body and multiple modes of distribution coexisting, and the socialist market economic system", and it is clearly stated that "the fundamental system that adheres to the guiding position of Marxism in the ideological field", It also further expounds the rule of law system in Socialism with Chinese characteristics, the administrative system in Socialism with Chinese characteristics, the system of prospering and developing advanced socialist culture, the people’s livelihood security system of coordinating urban and rural areas, the social governance system of co-construction, co-governance and sharing, the system of ecological civilization system, the party’s absolute leadership system over the people’s army, the system of "one country, two systems" and the supervision system of the party and the state.

　　Question 30: What are the basic requirements for upholding and consolidating the Socialism with Chinese characteristics system?

　　Whether we work out development plans, promote the rule of law, formulate policies and measures, or deploy various tasks, we must follow these systems without any deviation.

　　When we say that leading cadres, especially senior cadres, should enhance their political acumen, political discernment and political ability, it is very important to unswervingly adhere to these systems, and consciously set standards against the table when thinking about problems, making decisions and implementing them.

　　When it comes to directional issues, we must take these systems as the sights. Issues concerning right and wrong at the institutional level must be clear-cut and firm, and there can be no ambiguity.

　　The key for Party committees (party groups) at all levels to play a leading and checking role is to see whether the localities, departments and units under their leadership have implemented and implemented these systems in all their work. If it is really implemented and implemented, there will be no problems in the direction and no problems in politics.

　　Question 31: Why should Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s system and national governance system be improved and developed continuously?

　　With Socialism with Chinese characteristics entering a new era, China’s development is in a new historical position. The main contradiction in our society has been transformed into the contradiction between the people’s growing need for a better life and the unbalanced development. China’s national governance is facing many new tasks and new requirements, which inevitably requires the Socialism with Chinese characteristics system and the national governance system to be more perfect and constantly developed.

　　Question 32: Why can’t the construction of national system and national governance system be too idealistic and eager for success, and can’t be blindly complacent and complacent?

　　It is a dynamic process that the system is more mature and stereotyped, and the modernization of governance capacity is also a dynamic process, which cannot be achieved overnight or once and for all. Our goal of building a national system and a national governance system must keep pace with the times with the development of practice. We should not be too idealistic and eager to achieve success, nor should we be blindly complacent and complacent.

　　Question 33: Why do you say that the goals and tasks put forward at this plenary session are clearly problem-oriented?

　　In Song Dynasty, Su Shi said in "The Theory of Thought and Governance": "It is extremely difficult to make it, but it is far away." It means to attack the most difficult places and pursue the most ambitious goals. Many of the goals and tasks put forward by this plenary session are gaps and weaknesses in the construction of China’s national system and national governance system, which have a clear problem orientation.

　　In practical work, we must stick to and improve the fundamental system, basic system and important system that supports Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s system, focus on consolidating the foundation, promoting advantages, supplementing shortcomings and strong and weak items, and build a systematic, scientific and standardized and effective system.

　　Question 34: Why should we emphasize the formation of an effective working mechanism with integrated promotion and implementation?

　　To implement the spirit of the plenary session, we must closely combine the various reform tasks that have been deployed and form an effective working mechanism that is promoted and implemented as one.

　　It is necessary to check and sort out the completion of the previous reform tasks, consolidate and deepen those that have been completed, and continue to advance those that have not been completed. It is also necessary to put the tasks deployed by this plenary session into the work schedule in time to achieve organic convergence and integration and ensure solid results.

　　Question 35: How to give full play to the enthusiasm of the central and local authorities in institutional innovation and governance capacity building?

　　Party committees (party groups) at all levels should, under the unified leadership of the CPC Central Committee, closely combine the actual situation of their own departments and units in the region, promote institutional innovation and governance capacity building, and pay close attention to the research and deployment of the systems urgently needed by the CPC Central Committee for national governance and the systems necessary to meet people’s new expectations for a better life.

　　It is necessary to encourage grassroots units to boldly innovate and explore, summarize and refine the effective governance concepts, governance methods and governance means created by grassroots units in a timely manner, and constantly promote the improvement and development of various systems.

　　What needs to be emphasized is that all localities, departments and units should not only be proactive in institutional innovation and governance capacity building, but also follow the unified arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and the provisions of the national legal system. We must not stress regulation, obey the rules and regulations, and we must not act rashly. The key is to implement the objectives and tasks set by the plenary session.

　　Question 36: What bad phenomena did the General Secretary criticize in the implementation of the system?

　　Some people lack respect for the system, do not act according to the system at all, and even change the system at will; Some people do everything possible to exploit the loopholes in the system and play the edge ball; Some people are afraid and unwilling to abide by the system, and even try their best to avoid the supervision of the system, and so on. Therefore, we must strengthen the implementation of the system and strengthen the supervision of the implementation of the system.

　　Question 37: What requirements does the General Secretary put forward for Party committees and governments at all levels and leading cadres at all levels to strictly abide by and implement the system?

　　Party committees and governments at all levels and leading cadres at all levels should earnestly strengthen the awareness of the system, take the lead in maintaining the authority of the system, set an example in the implementation of the system, ensure that the major decision-making arrangements and major work arrangements of the party and the state are implemented in accordance with the requirements of the system, effectively prevent the occurrence of problems such as fragmentation, different standards, leniency and severity, and give full play to the important role of the system in guiding direction, standardizing behavior, improving efficiency, maintaining stability and preventing risks.

　　It is necessary to build a full-coverage system implementation supervision mechanism, run the system implementation and supervision through the whole process of regional governance, departmental governance, industry governance, grass-roots governance and unit governance, resolutely put an end to the phenomenon of making choices, making changes and discounting in system implementation, and seriously investigate and deal with acts that are forbidden, and that are contrary to the sun, so as to ensure that the system is always powerful and effective everywhere.

　　It is necessary to take improving governance capacity as a major task in the construction of cadres in the new era, guide the broad masses of cadres to improve their entrepreneurial ability by using the system, and perform their duties, exercise their powers and carry out their work in strict accordance with the system.

　　Question 38: How to carry out publicity and education on Socialism with Chinese characteristics system?

　　Party organizations at all levels, especially the propaganda department of the Party Committee, should organize publicity and education on the Socialism with Chinese characteristics system, guide the whole party and society to fully understand the essential characteristics and advantages of the Socialism with Chinese characteristics system, and fully understand that the Socialism with Chinese characteristics system and the national governance system have been hard-won after long-term practice and must be cherished;

　　To improve and develop China’s national system and national governance system, we must proceed from the national conditions and reality, grasp the long-term historical heritage, and grasp the road, accumulated experience and formation principles of the party and the people in China’s national system construction and national governance, and cannot copy the institutional models of other countries.

　　It is necessary to carry out institutional self-confidence education throughout the whole process of national education and sow the seeds of institutional self-confidence into the hearts of young people. It is necessary to actively innovate the discourse system, enhance the communication ability, tell the story of China system to the domestic and overseas, and constantly enhance the persuasiveness and appeal of China’s national system and national governance system.

　　Question 39: How should party committees (party groups) at all levels publicize the spirit of the plenary session?

　　Party committees (party groups) at all levels should, in accordance with the arrangements of the CPC Central Committee, carefully organize the lectures on the spirit of the plenary session, and make targeted publicity and education for the broad masses of cadres and masses to ensure that the spirit of the plenary session is deeply rooted in the hearts of the people.

　　Question 40: How to strengthen the supervision and inspection of the implementation of the spirit of the plenary session?

　　Relevant central authorities should keep abreast of the progress of relevant work in various regions and departments and report to the CPC Central Committee in due course. We should pay attention to summing up the good practices and experiences of all localities and departments in implementing the spirit of the plenary session. The Central Committee for Deep Reform should co-ordinate the implementation of various reform tasks deployed by this plenary session.

On December 23, in Hunchun City, Yanbian, Jilin Province, dam workers found the remains of a Northeast Leopard (Far East Leopard) whose hind legs and buttocks were eaten. Most of Hunchun City is within the scope of the Northeast Tiger and Leopard National Park, and the outside is the Russian Leopard National Park. The biggest "suspect" in this case is the Northeast Tiger.

Tiger and leopard fight for the front

People often say that peers are enemies and both are top predators. What is the relationship between tigers and leopards in nature?

There are two kinds of big cat habitats in the world: tiger and leopard, which can be divided into three parts according to geographical location, namely Northeast Asia (northeast China and Russian), South Asia (including Indian and Nepalese countries) and Southeast Asia (including Thailand and Malaysian countries). In 2022, Dr. Li Zhilin from the School of Life Sciences of Tianjin Normal University, Professor Wang Tianming from the School of Life Sciences of Beijing Normal University and the National Field Science Observation and Research Station of Butch and Leopard Biodiversity in Northeast China of Beijing Normal University published a paper in Biodiversity, combing the coexistence of butch and leopard in these three regions.

Siberian tiger, photographed in Lazo ?Royle Safaris/inaturalist, Russia.

Li Zhilin and his colleagues made a survey in the northern foot of Changbai Mountain Range, and found that tigers directly interfered with the life of leopards, but speculated that they might compete for food and other resources. It is rare for a tiger to directly kill a leopard in Northeast Asia. The density of Siberian tigers in China is too small (0.24~0.30 /100 square kilometers) to directly repel leopards.

However, in tropical areas where the density of tigers and leopards is higher, the risk of friction between them becomes greater. There are records of tigers killing leopards in Huikha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary in Thailand and Mudumalai Tiger Reserve in India.

In 2021, a female tiger in Shariska Nature Reserve was photographed with a baby leopard, ?Yashvardhan Singh Shekhawat.

Li Zhilin mentioned that tigers and leopards are prone to conflict over food. In May this year, a dead leopard was found in the Bor Tiger Reserve in India, and a partially eaten water deer 50 meters away. This unlucky leopard may be the victim of competing with tigers for prey.

Tiger ?SWE-Yaatrik/Wikimedia in Mu Dumara Tiger Reserve

Leopard ?Prabukumar84/Wikimedia in Mu Dumara Tiger Reserve

There are more indirect forms of evidence that tigers "bully" leopards. In Chitwan National Park in Nepal, the tiger occupied a "good place" with less human activities and more prey in the center of the park, while the leopard could only retreat to the area with more people and less prey outside the park, and its habitat was like a steamed stuffed bun. The tiger dug up the stuffing and ate it, and the leopard could only eat the remaining skin.

In Sariska Tiger Reserve, India, the tiger was once extinct, but it was reintroduced in 2008~2010, and the pressure immediately fell on the leopard. After the arrival of the tiger, the density of leopards decreased from 7.6 0.6 per 100 square kilometers to 3.1 0.4 per 100 square kilometers.

Tiger navnirvana/wikimedia in Shariska reserve

In South Asia and Southeast Asia, a smaller predator, jackals, will also get involved in the tiger and leopard competition. If the food is rich enough, tigers, leopards and jackals can choose their own prey of different sizes to reduce friction and achieve coexistence.

In areas where food is relatively scarce, such as Kuiburi National Park in Thailand, tigers occupy the best plots, and jackals are driven to barren plots by tigers, where jackals will put pressure on leopards, so that leopards can’t stay in barren places and hide in peace, so they can only venture to live in tiger’s territory. It’s a rat in a bellows who suffers at both ends.

Jackal and Cat League in Yunnan, China

Leopard: I can’t afford to hide.

Although the leopard can’t avoid suffering indignities, it also has skills that tigers can’t learn. Robert D. Holt and Gary A. Polis believe that although the tiger overwhelms the leopard when it interferes head-on, the leopard uses its prey more efficiently, and both have their own strengths, forming a stable coexistence situation.

This year, Indian forestry officials photographed a tiger killing a leopard ?Parveen Kaswan in Ranthambhore National Park.

Predators strive for energy balance. If the prey is too small, the meat obtained by catching it is not worth the effort, so it is not worth eating. Buddhism says that "the lion fights the rabbit with all its strength". In fact, according to Matt W. Hayward and Graham I. H. Kerley’s investigation on the lion’s prey preference, the rabbit is not on the lion’s prey list at all.

However, for smaller leopards, such a small prey as rabbits is still worth a taste. The infrared camera of Cat League photographed Huabei leopard with rabbits and squirrels in Shanxi. Both tigers and leopards like to prey on large carnivorous animals, but leopards can choose small prey that tigers "despise" to increase the width of their feeding niche, thus reducing competition.

Leopard F7 is holding a small rabbit cat alliance.

"Not to be taunted, but to be able to hide" is also a way. Research by Li Zhilin and others in Changbai Mountain found that leopards do not avoid plots where tigers appear, but appear more frequently, perhaps because they are attracted by prey (especially sika deer).

At the same time, leopards will use some "tricks" to avoid tigers, such as moving more during the day and staggering with nocturnal tigers. Another way is to use the terrain. Leopard often appears on the mountain ridge path, while tiger often appears near the forest road in the valley.

Leopard ?Prabukumar84/Wikimedia in Mu Dumara Tiger Reserve

In Huikaken Wildlife Sanctuary, leopards also tend to lurk at night and come out by day. Large prey such as wild boar and water deer that tigers like are mostly active at night and in the morning, while small prey such as red muntjac that leopards like are mostly active during the day. The leopards may go to the "day shift" to avoid tigers, or they may go to the "day shift" to chase red muntjac. No matter what kind, the tiger’s influence can’t be ruled out. The tiger’s competition will prompt the leopard to choose small prey, perhaps because the tiger has seized the big animals, and the leopard has no choice but to go to the "day shift" to catch the red muntjac.

More powerful behind the scenes

Behind the tit-for-tat tigers and leopards, there is a more powerful species-human beings, which puts more pressure on them.

Generally speaking, large carnivores are sensitive to human influence, but leopards are more adaptable to humans than tigers. The South China tiger was extinct in the wild, but the North China leopard persisted today. In Mumbai, leopards often appear in residential areas, hunting wild boar and dogs attracted by human garbage. As mentioned earlier, the leopards in Chiwang National Park are pushed out to the marginal areas by tigers. There are many human activities here, and the tigers can’t adapt, but they have become "shelters" for leopards.

White-spotted deer in Chiwang National Park, where there are not many prey, leads to competition between tigers and leopards. Tigers drive leopards out of the core area with the most food, but it is not so small that the number of tigers and leopards is seriously reduced.

A tiger holds a leopard’s leg ?FLPA/Chris Brunskill in Rentembor National Park.

Human grazing and hunting are inevitable even in the nature reserve, which makes the number of large herbivores decrease day by day, and the lack of food will intensify the competition between tigers and leopards. In Que Li Wu National Park, the number of large ungulates is insufficient, so leopards can only increase their prey on small animals such as pigs, badgers and civet cats to avoid direct competition with tigers.

White-limbed bison and tigers in KuiLi Wu National Park like to prey on large animals ?tontantravel/Flickr.

Li Zhilin and others found that in the northern foot of Changbai Mountain, tigers and leopards rarely appeared in places where livestock appeared frequently. The grazing of cattle has greatly reduced the shrubs and herbs in the lower forest, which may cause serious survival pressure on herbivores, especially sika deer (the main prey of tigers and leopards), thus limiting the population growth of Northeast tigers and Far East leopards.

When the human influence is more serious, both will go extinct. For example, in the Nam et-phoulouy National Protected Area in Laos, habitat degradation and poaching are very serious, and there are no leopards or tigers here.

Leopard F7 is holding a little squirrel cat alliance.

"The tiger and the leopard fought!" The paragraph that looks like a marketing number actually contains ecological truth. The balance of nature is dynamic, and creatures have been competing and killing each other. The work of protecting species should not only consider the destruction of human beings, but also consider the relationship between organisms. In 2012, Australia introduced the endangered species Tasmanian devil to Maria Island. As a result, Tasmanian devil ate about 3,000 pairs of little blue penguins.

Nowadays, both tigers and leopards are seriously threatened by habitat shrinkage and fragmentation. The distribution range of leopards has been reduced to only 25%~37% of the historical distribution area, and the distribution range of tigers is only 7%. How long can they coexist peacefully in the only remaining habitat?

Far East Leopard, shot at Khasanskiy александрчегодаев/Inaturalist in Russia.

references

[1] Li Z, Wang T, Smith J L D, et al. Coexistence of two sympatric flagship carnivores in the human-dominated forest landscapes of Northeast Asia[J]. Landscape Ecology, 2019, 34: 291-305.

Li Zhilin, Wang Tianming. Overview of the competition and coexistence of tigers and leopards in Asia [J]. Biodiversity, 2022, 30(9): 22271.

Plan and make

Original title: "The first time in China! The Northeast Tiger actually "hunted" the Northeast Leopard. What happened? 》

Read the original text

[Autohome Foshan Promotion Channel] brings you the latest news, the high-profile model is going on an unprecedented promotion in Foshan. At present, consumers can enjoy a cash profit of up to 40,100 yuan, which brings the starting price of this popular electric car down to an attractive 99,800 yuan. This discount margin is a great opportunity not to be missed. Friends who want to seize this price reduction opportunity, please be sure to click "Check the car price" in the quotation form to ensure that you can get the best car purchase conditions. Take action and put your car purchase dream within reach!

With its unique design concept, the Blue Electric E5 presents an avant-garde and dynamic appearance. The front face is designed with a sense of power, and the air intake grille adopts a delicate grid layout, which complements the body lines and creates a strong visual impact. The overall style focuses on the fusion of technology and elegance, giving a driving experience that is both modern and stable.

The body size of the Blue Electric E5 is 4760mm*1865mm*1710mm, with a wheelbase of 2785mm, which gives it smooth side lines. The front and rear tracks are 1585mm and 1580mm respectively, ensuring good driving stability and handling performance. The tire specification adopts 225/55 R18 tires, with a delicate rim design, which not only enhances the visual effect, but also ensures comfort and grip during driving. Overall, the side design of the Blue Electric E5 is both practical and aesthetic, reflecting the fusion of elegance and power.

In terms of interior, the Blue Electric E5 is dominated by a modern minimalist style. It adopts a high-quality leather steering wheel, which not only enhances the comfort of the touch, but also supports manual up and down adjustment to ensure the best operating angle for the driver. The 12.3-inch central control screen stands on the instrument panel, which not only displays clear and intuitive content, but also has an automatic speech recognition control system, which can easily control functions such as multimedia, navigation, telephone and air conditioning. The seats are made of imitation leather, which provides front and rear adjustment, backrest adjustment and high and low adjustment (2 directions). The main and auxiliary seats support this comfort function to provide passengers with a comfortable ride experience. The front and rear rows are each equipped with a USB/Type-C interface to meet the charging needs of passengers. The seat’s backrest adjustment function extends to the second row, while the rear seats support a proportional reclining, providing greater flexibility for loading.

The Blue Electric E5 is equipped with a 1.5L displacement four-cylinder engine with a maximum power of 81 kilowatts and a maximum torque of 135 Nm, providing stable power support for the vehicle. This model adopts an advanced E-CVT continuously variable transmission system, designed to provide a smooth driving experience and efficient energy conversion to meet daily driving needs.

To sum up, Autohome owners believe that although the Blue Electric E5 has an atmospheric body design, the overall style is slightly conservative. As a practical model, it undoubtedly meets the functional needs of owners, although the appearance may be slightly outdated. Therefore, for those who seek affordable and practical drivers, the Blue Electric E5 is a worthy choice.

Celebrity restaurants can’t escape the spell of "short life" again. Beijing Business Daily reporters visited and found that Xianhezhuang Luwei Hotpot, founded by artist Chen He, has all closed in Beijing.

This is also the reappearance of a city store contraction after the franchisee’s rights protection and Chen He’s withdrawal from shareholders. It is understood that when Xianhezhuang opened its first store in Beijing, Chen He brought many star artists to the "platform" and instantly became a restaurant on the Internet celebrity clock in Beijing. Then the store blossomed everywhere through franchise expansion.

At present, there are 238 existing stores in Xianhezhuang across the country, 215 of which are open, of which 23 are suspended, and the stores are mainly distributed in third- and fourth-tier cities. Compared with the peak, the current number of stores is only about 20%.

The sound of "short-lived" star stores has been constant, often exposing the shortcomings of operation and management after fading the star’s halo. From the perspective of the long-term development of the brand, the halo effect of the star cannot make catering operators once and for all, and managing the brand is the long-term way.

A few days ago, Cyrus released its interim financial report for 2023. Data show that Cyrus’ operating income during the reporting period was 11.032 billion yuan, down 11.14% year-on-year. Net profit attributable to shareholders of listed companies was – 1.344 billion yuan, and net profit in the same period was – 1.727 billion yuan. Net profit attributable to shareholders of listed companies after deducting non-recurring gains and losses was – 1.885 billion yuan, and net profit in the same period was – 1.714 billion yuan. In short, Cyrus’ operating income declined in the first half of the year, and net loss improved.

Sailis said that the promotion of the Quarter 1 automotive industry led to a wait-and-see mood among users, as well as users’ expectations that the M5 smart driving version will be released in the second quarter, which had a certain impact on the sales of existing models, so the company’s sales volume declined in the first half of the year. The company prepared a certain inventory of raw materials due to the tight supply chain and the continuous increase in raw material prices last year. During the reporting period, the company digested raw materials with higher upfront costs, and the gross profit margin decreased compared with the same period of the previous year. At the same time, the company maintained high R & D investment in the core technology field of new energy vehicles, and continued to introduce R & D and technical personnel. R & D expenses increased compared with the same period of the previous year. With the launch of the M5 smart driving version and other models, as well as the increase in overseas sales

It is understood that the loss of Sailis after cooperation with Huawei has increased significantly, and the net loss of non-deductions from 2019 to 2022 is 884 million yuan, 2.308 billion yuan, 2.793 billion yuan, 4.296 billion yuan, plus 1.885 billion yuan in the first half of 2023.

AITO Q & A is the core brand of Cyrus Automobile, accounting for more than 70% of the total sales of Cyrus Automobile for a long time. It determines its direction in the domestic automobile market, and the decline in Q & A sales also directly pours cold water on Cyrus’ financial report. Retail data show that the sales of AITO Q & A brand in the first half of the year were 22,666, of which 17,820 were Q & A M5 and 4846 were Q & A M7.

After launching the AITO Q & A brand after cooperating with Huawei, Cyrus did achieve a certain amount of popularity in the new energy vehicle market, but the outside world almost all the credit goes to Huawei. Most of the AITO Q & A brand models are designed and developed by Huawei, and the core technology is also in the hands of Huawei. At the same time, Q & A models are also included in Huawei’s end point sales channels. Even Q & A’s new cars are basically released at Huawei’s new product launch. Huawei has publicly stated that it does not build cars many times, and Cyrus also said that the cooperation with Huawei is not a foundry relationship, but it is almost certain that Cyrus has never been able to occupy an absolute dominant position in the cooperation. In the eyes of many consumers, the purchase of the Q & A model is the blessing of Huawei’s brand and technology, while leaving Huawei’s AITO Q & A may be "nothing".

In March this year, Chongqing Sailis Blue Electric Vehicle Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as "Sailis Blue Electric") was established with a registered capital of 30 million yuan and is wholly-owned by Dongfeng Xiaokang Automobile Co., Ltd. In the same month, the Blue Electric E5 was listed, with a price range of 13.99-15 1,900 yuan. In addition to the car using HUAWEI HiCar3.0, the Blue Electric E5 has no Huawei presence. Its core three-power technology adopts BYD Freddy electric hybrid system, and is operated by Dongfeng Scenic, and builds independent sales channels. However, without Huawei’s halo, the market performance of the Blue Electric E5 is also very poor. Retail data show that as of July, the cumulative sales of the Blue Electric E5 are 1554 units, and the monthly sales volume is basically around 400 units.

At the same time, Cyrus is no longer the only choice for Huawei. At present, the first cooperative model between Huawei and Chery has been declared in MIIT. This new car will become the first model equipped with HarmonyOS 4 and will be officially released this quarter. The new car logo will not use the "AITO" serial name, but "LUXEED", which belongs to Chery Automobile Company.

Sailis’s choice to cooperate with Huawei was the wisest decision made by Sailis, and regardless of the future, Huawei still pulled Sailis out of the abyss, and it was also the first car company to rely on Huawei to eat dividends. However, in the eyes of the industry, this approach has a huge line of defense. Huawei has penetrated into the soul of Sailis and controlled the direction of Sailis in the automotive market. The companies that cooperate with Huawei to build cars are also expanding, as are BAIC, Changan, Chery, etc. There will be more companies cooperating with Huawei in the future.

Any car company can take the place of Cyrus, but Cyrus will never leave Huawei.

On November 5th, BYD’s "New Generation Smart Car" brand-new Qin Fuel and "Professional Real Life Smart Pure Electric Car" brand-new Qin EV went on the market with great sincerity! The brand-new Qin fuel oil enjoys the exclusive price of fresh food on the market, with the price range of 59,900 — 76,900 yuan (exclusive to the first batch of car owners before January 25, 2020), and the price range of the new Qin EV is 129,900 — 139,900 yuan (after comprehensive subsidies). With the performance, energy consumption, intelligence, safety, space, quality, etc. leading the same level, the brand-new Qin has set a new benchmark of "intelligence" in the compact fuel and pure electric sedan market, and its strength explains "the road to champion, the choice for better value".

In addition, the brand-new Qin brings users "real Qin courtesy" value-added listing benefits. Before January 25, 2020, you can enjoy a surprise of up to 17,000 yuan when you buy a brand-new Qin!

The champion "Xin Sheng" returned, and the new Qin continued to write legends.

As the leader of China’s automobile brand, Dynasty Car Department broke through the ceiling of China brand price with pioneering technology and super value. As the "pioneering work" of the Dynasty car system, Qin has set a quality benchmark at the same level with solid quality and good reputation since its listing in 2013, and won applause and honors all the way. At present, the Qin model has accumulated more than 200,000 car owners, and Qin DM has won the CRC SAE group championship for many years in a row, which is a veritable "double crown" in the market and on the field.

In the "Automobile Quality Rankings" released by authoritative domEStic media this year, BYD Qin’s quality ranking is ahead of lexus es, Accord and other models, winning high recognition from the media and users, and proving the "champion quality" with its strength.

Champion gene and quality, the new Qin comes down in one continuous line.

Create leapfrog quality, brand-new Qin fuel opens the era of new value kings

At present, high-quality China brand cars have become the first choice for consumers. Brand-new Qin fuel will surpass the comprehensive advantages of the same level, create high-value products, reshape the market standard of compact family cars, and bring consumers a value-added experience of 150,000 products.

Dragon-shaped righteousness, leapfrog enjoyment. The brand-new Qin fuel adopts Dragon Face design language, led by internationally renowned design master Wolfgang Eiger; It has the longest body of its class of 4675mm and a wheelbase of 2,670 mm. With the ride experience beyond the same level, such as King Size distinguished ultra-wide seats and NVH library-level quiet space, the A+ class space is comfortably enjoyed at a compact price, and the leapfrog experience is on the paper.

Gold powertrain blessing, leading the same level of high-value driving control standards. The brand-new Qin Fuel is equipped with a 1.5L four-cylinder gold-powered all-aluminum engine. Compared with the CVT stepless gearbox updated by Sylphy and LaVida, and the chassis adjustment of the German luxury car operated by Hans, the comprehensive fuel consumption per 100 kilometers is as low as 5.9L, which not only realizes the smooth output of power, advanced handling texture and excellent energy consumption economy, but also creates the lowest entry price of CVT models starting from 69,900, and the overall driving control and comfort are comparable to those of the 150,000-class joint venture sedan.

Super brain DiLink 2.0 leads peers into a new era of intelligence. The new Qin Fuel is equipped with BYD’s latest DiLink 2.0 intelligent network connection system, establishing an open intelligent ecology. Users can freely install 3 million +APP applications on the system, such as entertainment systems such as karaoke and Tik Tok in the car, which can completely replace mobile phones in the car; At the same time, it also has the strongest configuration at the same level, such as powerful cloud service function and smart bracelet key system, which is ahead of the current traditional automobile intelligent network connection level for a whole era.

"Super five-star safety" is built, and the active and passive safety is the strongest at the same level. As the world’s first A-class car equipped with Bosch ESP 9.3 body electronic stability system, the new Qin fuel brings safety guarantee beyond Sylphy and Corolla, and is also equipped with 3H high-strength all-round collision energy-absorbing body. The proportion of high-strength steel materials exceeds 52%, which is more than one star higher than that of the same class.

International gene empowerment to build the world’s leading automobile quality. The brand-new Qin Fuel is based on the forward research and development system, the world-class safety laboratory and the Industry 4.0 smart factory. The core components are all from internationally renowned suppliers, such as Bosch, ZF and Magna. At the same time, in terms of design, safety, chassis adjustment, NVH, etc., we will gather the wisdom of the top international master team in the industry and create the leading quality of international standards.

Brand-new Qin fuel oil has the product strength beyond the same level, and has the leading edge in terms of face value, power, intelligence, safety and quality. With the absolute strength of 60,000-80,000, it is comparable to the 150,000-class joint venture sedan.

Create a leapfrog "real" experience, and the new Qin EV leads the pure electric sedan market.

The new Qin EV is based on the world’s leading professional electric vehicle platform — — BYD e platform is ingenious, which realizes the efficient integration of motor, electronic control and transmission, reduces the overall body weight, optimizes the energy transmission path, reduces the power consumption, and creates a new standard of compact pure electric family car with professional three-power core technology, bringing a "real" experience of pure electric car that catches up with millions of luxury cars.

The measured "true" battery life of 628km makes the king with the strongest battery life at the same level. Thanks to the empowerment of BYD e platform, the energy consumption per 100 kilometers under the new Qin EV working conditions is as low as 12.9kWh, and the NEDC comprehensive working conditions have reached the leading 421km in the same class, and some professionals have measured the battery life as high as 628km. In addition, the new Qin EV drives 100km in 15 minutes, which fully solves the anxiety of cruising range and charging for users, and solves the real pain points of users with technology.

15 years of battery safety zero accidents, "true" safety is worthy of the name. The new Qin EV builds a seven-dimensional four-layer battery safety matrix, which fully guarantees the battery safety from the aspects of reliable connection, high-voltage protection, collision and overcharge, and establishes a new safety standard for pure electric vehicles at the same level with the same safety body structure and configuration as the new Qin fuel.

Black technology blessing, super-million-class luxury car "true" intelligence. In addition to the configuration and functions of DiLink 2.0 intelligent network connection system and cloud service, the new Qin EV also supports intelligent remote upgrade of OTA for the whole vehicle, which can comprehensively upgrade the multimedia system, power system and braking system. At the same time, its remote driving black technology is a configuration that millions of luxury cars do not have, leading the intelligent development trend of pure electric vehicles with the industry "head technology".

Super-value king, bringing pure electric vehicles "true" luxury. The new Qin EV has a leading configuration of the same class, such as the longest 4675mm body and NVH library-level quiet space. The core components are all from internationally renowned suppliers, and the wisdom of the top international master team in the industry is gathered to bring users a car experience beyond the same level. It is the first choice for value in the pure electric vehicle market.

The new Qin EV has the endurance, safety, intelligence and luxury quality beyond the same level, bringing the "real" experience of pure electric vehicles, and reshaping the new standard of compact pure electric vehicle market with the world-leading pure electric vehicle technology.

As a global automobile enterprise, BYD should not only make good products, but also serve consumers well. BYD’s sincere service brand adheres to the service concept of "being diligent and sincere", and has formed a perfect service system combining online and offline, as well as a perfect after-sales service system such as vehicle warranty, service standards and network coverage. Owners and users can consult with local dealers and enjoy a warm and valuable car experience.

The brand-new Qin continued to write the legend of champion and set a new benchmark for compact fuel and pure electric sedan, which is another achievement that BYD led China brand to lead and explore continuously. At the same time, in the wave of specialization of global new energy industry, BYD is also leading China automobile industry to participate in global competition and build a new order.

(this article does not represent the first financial point of view, but is published for the purpose of transmitting business information. )

National business daily news, Xpeng Motors left the number one.

On the evening of August 2, Wu Xinzhou, vice president of Xpeng Motors Autopilot, posted a message on social media announcing his resignation: "It’s time to leave. I am reluctant, but I believe that Tucki’s solid team and system can still push the assisted driving forward until the arrival of driverless driving. "

Image source: Sina Weibo

That night, He Xiaopeng, Chairman and CEO of Xpeng Motors, also posted on social media: "Because of family and various reasons, (Wu) Xinzhou said that he would return to the United States in the second half of last year. There are many reasons, but I respect and recognize his thinking very much."

He Xiaopeng revealed that Wu Xinzhou’s resignation was confirmed in the second half of last year. Therefore, in the next 10 months, He Xiaopeng and Wu Xinzhou decided on a brand-new working mode, and did a lot of proactive optimization and iteration in architecture and organization.

According to public information, Wu Xinzhou graduated from Tsinghua University with a bachelor’s degree in electronic engineering, and then obtained a master’s degree and a doctor’s degree in electronic engineering from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.

In 2019, Wu Xinzhou announced his participation in Xpeng Motors. He previously worked for Qualcomm and held several leadership positions in various R&D projects during his tenure at Qualcomm. He has rich industry experience in autonomous driving, precise positioning and mapping, vehicle networking, communication and wireless network.

It is understood that before Wu Xinzhou joined Xpeng Motors, Xpeng Motors’s self-research on intelligent driving software was not smooth. After joining Xpeng Motors, Wu Xinzhou reorganized Xpeng Motors’s autonomous driving architecture, built Xpeng Motors’s intelligent driving system, and helped Xpeng Motors complete the high-speed NGP and urban NGP landing.

"Five years ago, I came to Tucki across the ocean, came to the right platform at the right time, and joined a surging and exciting track; Therefore, HNGP, CNGP and XNGP have set a precedent for the China brand to land high-level assisted driving, and China’s intelligent electric vehicle has led the world. " Wu Xinzhou said on social media.

Image source: Every reporter Sun Lei photo (data map)

Haitong Securities believes that, as one of the new forces in domestic automobile head, Xpeng Motors leads the domestic in technology and innovation in autonomous driving, intelligent networking and intelligent cockpit. At the same time, it is worth noting that Xpeng Motors’s current smart driving function belongs to the first echelon in the domestic industry, and its smart driving products are gradually gaining the favor of consumers.

Wu Xinzhou said in an interview with the media that the number of orders for Xpeng Motors’s new car, Tucki G6, exceeded 40,000 within one month of its launch, of which the intelligent driving with "Max version" accounted for as high as 70%. According to the research report released by Credit Suisse, Xpeng Motors claimed that the G6 Max version accounted for more than 70% of the total cancellable orders, indicating that car buyers are interested in autonomous driving in the second half of this year, especially in urban areas and the AI ? ? driving function.

For Wu Xinzhou’s departure, Xpeng Motors has also decided in advance that Li Liyun will take over the Xpeng Motors AD (Autopilot) team. According to public information, shortly after Wu Xinzhou joined Xpeng Motors and finalized the intelligent driving route and team structure, Li Liyun joined the autonomous driving team in Xpeng Motors and was one of the important figures in the team. "Because I have been preparing for nearly a year, I firmly believe that the transition between the team and the business will be smooth and smooth." He Xiaopeng said.

In addition, He Xiaopeng said that he would still personally lead the autonomous driving and R&D team in Xpeng Motors. Xpeng Motors’s goal of popularizing XGNP in 50 cities this year has not changed, and he will fully support its strategic partner Volkswagen Group. "Xpeng Motors will make more AI-oriented organizational changes, and will reconstruct Xpeng Motors’s intelligent team, integrate AD, cockpit, machine brain, EEA and many innovative projects into a stronger intelligent team, and increase intelligent planning and operation teams." He Xiaopeng said.

As for Wu Xinzhou’s whereabouts, it is reported that he will join NVIDIA as the "global vice president" of the company and report to Huang Renxun, co-founder and CEO of NVIDIA.

However, neither Wu Xinzhou nor He Xiaopeng responded to this news. However, He Xiaopeng said: "(Wu) Xinzhou will become the highest-ranking Chinese executive of a world-renowned company and continue to cooperate deeply with Tucki in many aspects such as chips."

Original title: Xpeng Motors Zhijia No.1 resigned! He Xiaopeng issued a document confirming that the next stop may be NVIDIA.

Editor: Yang Hong

Editor: Zhang Songtao

Audit: Feng Fei

　　The National Conference on Housing and Urban-Rural Construction held at the end of last year pointed out that in 2024, we should adhere to the position that houses are used for living, not for speculation, adapt to the new situation of major changes in the relationship between supply and demand in the real estate market, stabilize the market, prevent risks, promote transformation, build a new model of real estate development, achieve a new balance between supply and demand, and promote the high-quality development of real estate. In this regard, the meeting put forward nine specific measures from two aspects: stabilizing the real estate market and building a new model of real estate development, so as to convey confidence in the real estate market in 2024. As these policies and measures are implemented, it is expected that the real estate market will stabilize and improve next year.

　　In 2023, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development actively took measures to stabilize the real estate market, and adhered to the policy of "one city, one policy, and precise policy" to meet the demand for rigid and improved housing, achieve a new balance between supply and demand, and promote the stable and healthy development of the real estate market. At the end of August, many ministries and commissions issued a number of real estate optimization policies, including the implementation of "recognizing the house without recognizing the loan" for the first set of housing, reducing the down payment ratio and interest rate, implementing the personal income tax policy to support residents to buy houses, reducing the intermediary fee for the sale of second-hand houses and other policy tools. Local governments have stabilized the market by implementing policies based on the city, one city, one policy and precise policies. Solidly promote the work of guaranteeing the delivery of buildings and safeguard the legitimate interests of buyers. From January to November, the total transaction volume of first-hand houses and second-hand houses nationwide achieved positive growth year-on-year. The optimization of policies has created a favorable policy environment for the release of housing consumption and has a positive effect on improving the activity of the real estate market. In November, the main responsible comrades of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development said in an interview with the central media that building a new real estate development model is the fundamental solution to solve the real estate development problems and promote the stable and healthy development of the real estate market. We should always adhere to the position that "houses are for living, not for speculation", focus on meeting the demand for rigid and improved housing, and strive to make people live in good houses, which further expounds the ideas and tasks of building a new model of real estate development.

　　In 2024, we will accelerate the construction of a new model of real estate development, promote the structural reform of the supply side in the housing sector, improve the "guarantee+market" housing supply system, lead development and meet demand with high quality, new technology and good service, and strive to make "everyone have a house to live in and everyone live in a good house".

　　The first is to establish a new mechanism for the linkage of "people, housing, land and money". At the moment when the relationship between supply and demand has undergone major changes, the development of real estate needs to start with the scientific allocation of factor resources, with people setting houses, land setting houses and money setting houses, really starting from the actual housing needs of residents, matching the scale of housing supply and product types based on the characteristics of people’s flow and demand, and at the same time matching the corresponding land supply and financial support to better match supply and demand.

　　The second is to improve the basic system of the whole life cycle of houses from development and construction to maintenance and use. The management mechanism that runs through the whole life cycle is also an important measure to adapt to the new situation of real estate supply and demand. With the continuous expansion of China’s housing stock and the decline of the incremental market, the methods of development, financing and sales need to be improved and adjusted according to the new market situation. In terms of stock, it is also necessary to strengthen the system construction of housing physical examination, pension and insurance to ensure that residents can live in good houses, good communities and good communities for a long time.

　　The third is to implement the "three major projects" and speed up the solution to the housing problems of new citizens, young people and migrant workers. Since 2023, the central government has repeatedly emphasized the active promotion of the "three major projects" in important meetings, and the the State Council executive meeting has successively deliberated and adopted relevant guiding opinions. The "three major projects" can actively play the role of stabilizing investment and consumption. Among them, the detailed rules for the implementation of the transformation of villages in cities are expected to be introduced one after another in various places, and a number of projects entering the implementation stage will support the stabilization of the real estate market at both ends of supply and demand; The implementation strategy of affordable housing construction has gradually become clear, and the placement-type affordable housing has been explored and implemented in some cities.

　　The fourth is to build a good house and create a new track in the housing field. China’s housing development is moving from "with or without" to "with or without", and the demand for improved housing also puts forward higher requirements for housing quality. A good house is rich in connotation. From the aspect of standard construction, this meeting proposed to "improve the engineering construction standards, focus on building a good house, issue specifications for residential projects, and start from the aspects of building height, elevator, sound insulation, green, intelligence and accessibility" and "strengthen the drive of science and technology, and study the future-oriented construction technology of a good house".

　　Generally speaking, building a new model of real estate development is an important way to promote high-quality development and stability of the market. It is necessary to build a housing supply system that is government-oriented, provides basic guarantees and market-oriented to meet multi-level needs, to meet the rigid housing needs of wage earners and to meet the diversified and improved housing needs of urban and rural residents. It is necessary to improve the basic system, improve the pre-sale system of commercial housing and optimize the supervision of pre-sale funds. It is necessary to speed up the implementation of the "three major projects" and solve the housing problems of new citizens, young people and migrant workers. With the establishment of a new model of real estate development, the real estate market is expected to further improve, and there is still room for the release of rigid and improved housing demand. It is expected that the sales of new houses will remain at around 10 trillion yuan in the next few years. After more than two years of deep market adjustment, the "favorable factors" in the real estate industry are increasing. With the concerted efforts of policies at both ends of supply and demand, the market is expected to gradually stabilize at the bottom, and the high-quality development of real estate will achieve new results.

A few days ago, McKinsey and BOF jointly released the report "The State of Fashion 2024", which deeply discussed the current situation and future trend of the global fashion industry. The report covers consumer behavior, brand strategy, digital transformation and sustainable development. Let’s take stock of the potential challenges and opportunities that the fashion industry will face in 2024 through the interpretation of the report.

In 2024, fashion companies will face economic headwinds, technological changes and changing competition patterns. However, changes in consumers’ focus will continue to bring opportunities.

—— Introduction to the report

According to the report of The State of Fashion 2024,In the coming year, challenges such as weak economic growth, persistent inflation and weak consumer confidence may make industry leaders feel a lot of uncertainty. In this context, it will be a new challenge for enterprises to discover the value depression and release the new motivation of performance.

We can see:It is predicted that the growth of all regions will slow down but tend to be normal in 2024, among which the growth of non-luxury goods and luxury goods market in China will be higher than that in the United States and Europe in the same period.

McKinsey also predicted that:In 2024, the retail sales of the global fashion industry will achieve a year-on-year growth of 2%-4% (there will be slight differences between different countries and regions). The luxury goods market will once again create the largest share of economic profits. It is estimated that the growth rate of global retail sales of luxury goods will slow down from 5%-7% in 2023 to 3%-5% in 2024, because consumers will curb consumption after experiencing the shopping boom after the pandemic.

10

Trend Prospect of Fashion Industry in 2024

# Global economy #

01 fragmented future

"In 2024, the global economic outlook may continue to be turbulent, and consumer spending may decrease in the coming year," the report wrote.Challenges from finance, geopolitics and other aspects will affect the confidence of global consumers, which requires suppliers, brands and retailers to strengthen emergency response measures.

The economic outlook report released by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) on November 29th also shows that:The global GDP growth rate will slow down from 2.9% in 2023 to 2.7% in 2024, and it is estimated that the GDP growth will improve slightly in 2025, reaching 3%.It is predicted that from 2024 to 2025, Asia will continue to contribute most of the global economic growth as it did in 2023.

It is worth mentioning that "Emerging Asia", as a promising market, will provide potential growth points.

The urgency of climate

In the past year, the frequency and intensity of extreme weather have proved that the climate crisis is continuing to intensify. These crises also make the fashion industry more fragile. According to the report, by 2030, extreme weather events may endanger the clothing export business worth $65 billion and make nearly 1 million jobs disappear in the four most important economies of the global fashion industry.

According to a report by Fashion Without Borders, 2024 may be the first year when the global average surface temperature is 1.5°C higher than that in the pre-industrial era. This is the first time that the British National Weather Service has predicted that the temperature may temporarily exceed 1.5°C within one year.As the climate crisis worsens, we in the fashion industry can’t delay any longer. We need to build resilience in the fashion supply chain and help reduce emissions.

# Consumer transfer #

03 vacation mode

Consumers are preparing for the largest tourism year since the outbreak of the pandemic. It is estimated that the number of global tourists will exceed the pre-pandemic level for the first time in 2024, reaching 110% of the 2019 level.

For travelers, shopping is still their "top priority". The data shows that 80% of consumers surveyed from the United States, Britain and China said they would buy fashion products when traveling in 2024, and 28% of them plan to spend more than the previous year; More than half of the respondents said they were looking for destinations they had never been to, including second-tier cities.Faced with such demand and changes in market trends, brands and retailers should consider updating their distribution and category strategies to meet the needs of travelers anytime and anywhere.

The new face of influence

The report also mentioned that compared with previous years, 68% of consumers began to be troubled by a large number of sponsored content on social media, and 65% of consumers reduced their dependence on fashion influencers.Consumers are more looking forward to the demand for authenticity, entertainment and approachable personality. The creators of "New Wave" were also born.-they advocate less exquisite aesthetics, grotesque, humor, and fragility.

In order to capture and retain the attention of online consumers in 2024, fashion marketers may break the tried-and-true routine and explore new ways to cooperate with creators.

05 outdoor sports re-innovation

Consumers’ pursuit of healthy lifestyle and "Gorpcore style" has promoted the development of technical outdoor clothing, and this trend may be further accelerated.More and more outdoor brands may launch lifestyle series, and lifestyle brands will integrate technical elements into the series, further blurring the boundary between functionality and fashion.

In recent years, outdoor clothing and shoes have been repositioned as daily items, which means thatThe brand will establish a closer relationship between style and practicality.. With the cooling of the "Gorpcore" trend,Brands may begin to tend to be low-key, "quiet outdoor" fashion.. The report also predicts that in 2024,Competition at different price points and categories may be intensified.Some outdoor brands will tilt their clothes to the high end, while others will adjust their footwear products.

# Fashion System #

06 new generation artificial intelligence

After the emergence of generative artificial intelligence in 2023, there have been some use cases in creative industries including fashion. In 2023, the equity financing of start-ups focusing on generative artificial intelligence surged, reaching $14.1 billion in the first half of this year alone.To seize the value of this revolutionary technology in 2024, the fashion industry needs to go beyond automation and explore its potential to enhance the work of human creative personnel.At present, the EU has reached a preliminary agreement on the artificial intelligence bill, which has reached three points of consensus, including clarifying the obligations of AI systems classified as high-risk, and proposing that citizens should have the right to lodge complaints and have the right to obtain meaningful explanations; The general AI system and model must be transparent, and the biometric identification system should be used in public places for law enforcement purposes, thus achieving exceptions and safeguards for law enforcement exemption.

As mentioned in the report, as many as a quarter of the potential value of generative artificial intelligence in fashion may be driven by use cases in design and product development. 73% of fashion executives have said that in 2024, generative artificial intelligence will become a priority for their enterprises, and 28% of enterprises have tried to use it in the creative process of design and product development.

07 fast fashion power game

In the coming year, the competition of fast fashion may be more intense. Challengers, led by Shein, a B2C fast fashion e-commerce platform, and Temu, a cross-border platform owned by Pinduoduo, are changing their strategies around price, customer experience and speed.

In the past 12 months, 40% American consumers and 26% British consumers have shopped in Shein or Temu. The success of these companies benefits from the innovation of operating models, including flexible design of supply chain from manufacturers to consumers and data-driven product design. These innovations make fashion faster and cheaper than before.

In 2024, this generation of fast fashion may face some challenges as the standards of regulators and consumers on topics such as sustainable development and trade practice are constantly changing.The success of disruptors and incumbents will depend on whether they can adapt to the changing consumer preferences and control the laws and regulations that may affect the industry.

08 Pay attention to the brand

The pattern facing the fashion industry is changing, and performance marketing is no longer the main focus.Brand marketing may become the focus of fashion again in the coming year. The emotional connection between consumers and brands is also likely to become the key for fashion marketers to adjust their strategies and emphasize long-term brand building strategies.According to the survey, 71% of fashion executives plan to invest more money in brand marketing in 2024 than before, and 46% plan to invest more money in effect marketing.

In view of the increasing cost of effect marketing and the restrictions on customer orientation by data privacy laws, fashion marketers need to find new ways to attract shoppers.In the future, brands may improve the way of establishing emotional connection with consumers through marketing, and may cooperate in fashion industry and adjacent fields to create fascinating brand stories.

09 sustainability rules

The era of self-restraint and sustainable development of fashion industry will end on a global scale. New rules from various jurisdictions may have a wide impact on consumers and the fashion industry. Brands and manufacturers need to reform their business models to adapt to future changes.

The report also mentioned that at the end of 2023, there were as many as 16 pieces of legislation related to fashion and textiles under discussion in the EU alone, and the first batch will take effect in 2024. Relevant laws and regulations will cover the whole fashion value chain from product design to marketing, which will have an impact on consumers and enterprises around the world.

10 whip effect

The change of consumer demand leads to the "Bullwhip effect", which brings pressure to fashion suppliers.The "bullwhip effect" refers to the phenomenon that when the demand information in the middle and lower reaches of the supply chain is transmitted to the upstream, retailers, distributors and wholesalers are overweight layer by layer because the information cannot be effectively shared, and the demand is getting higher and higher upstream, just like waving a bullwhip, which eventually leads to a great difference between the demand data obtained by the most original supplier and the demand information of customers in the actual consumer market.

In the fashion industry, the impact of demand fluctuation on upstream suppliers is particularly serious. According to the report data, the production capacity of factories that were produced at full capacity in 2021 has dropped by 30%-40% by 2023. According to 73% of chief procurement officers, this volatility will become one of the primary challenges affecting supplier relations in the next five years.If the supply wants to keep up with the expected new demand, brands and retailers should consider paying attention to transparency and strengthening strategic partnership.

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The report of The State of Fashion 2024 writes:Looking forward to 2024, fashion leaders are expected to encounter more unfavorable factors and feel uncertain about the prospects for the coming year.. In the survey conducted in early September, 26% of the respondents expected the market situation to improve in 2024, 37% expected the situation to remain unchanged, and 38% expected the situation to deteriorate. This is the biggest difference in the BoF-McKinsey survey since 2017.

It is not difficult to predict that the next year will still be a year of crisis and opportunity. Although it is full of changes, there is still a breakthrough prospect.Facing the innovation of science and technology and the development of artificial intelligence, enterprises can seize opportunities by making full use of technology; Faced with the increasing demand of consumers for authenticity and affinity of content, marketers can consider taking advantage of the new wave of creation to create a new brand narrative; In the year when people rekindle their enthusiasm for travel, enterprises can further enhance the way of interacting with consumers and create a brand experience that breaks through the tradition …

All in all, 2024 is a challenging year. We are full of confidence, but we are not blindly optimistic. We also expect industry practitioners to ride the wind and waves, rebuild their confidence in the process of recovery, lay a solid foundation and accumulate wealth.

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