Why are Laozi, Confucius, Mencius, Mozi and others all called "Zi"?

　　Is the second stroke of the word "four" horizontally folded or horizontally folded?

　　Is Hanhao bird a bird?

　　… …

　　These questions don’t seem to be problems, but they need to be taken seriously by textbook writers and answered one by one.

　　Textbooks are an important tool for primary and secondary school students to learn, and have been widely concerned by the society. Especially after the textbooks of compulsory education ethics and rule of law, Chinese and history compiled by the Ministry of Education were implemented nationwide in September 2017, the public paid more attention to the textbooks.

　　Recently, China Youth Daily Zhongqing Online reporter visited a number of editors who compiled textbooks to understand the story behind the compilation of textbooks. Many experts mentioned the "artisan spirit" in unison. "To make children like learning and let children like this new set of textbooks, we must be standardized, accurate and rigorous." Chen Xianyun, executive editor-in-chief of primary school Chinese textbooks, said.

　　Every lesson should be taken to the classroom for trial teaching.

　　In recent years, the textbooks of primary and secondary schools in China have emphasized the closeness to the reality of students’ lives. But how to get close?

　　"Ask children if you have a problem." Gao Desheng, executive editor-in-chief of the textbook of ethics and rule of law in primary schools and professor of the Institute of Curriculum Textbooks of East China Normal University, said that this was a "brilliant move" for the compilation by Lu Jie, the chief editor-in-chief of the textbook and a senior professor of Nanjing Normal University. Professor Lu Jie once presided over the development of the curriculum standards of Morality and Life and Morality and Society, and had a deep insight into the teaching materials of compulsory education courses. "Every lesson should be taken to the classroom for trial teaching, which has become a necessary link in the compilation of teaching materials."

　　Gao Desheng remembers that when the first draft of the next textbook in grade three was formed, they were going to try out teaching in primary schools. At that time, it was the lesson "Traffic in All Directions" that was to be tried out. "Professor Lu Jie specially proposed that the lessons with strong urban flavor such as traffic development should be tried out in rural primary schools to see how rural children reacted and whether they could understand it."

　　The trial teaching was arranged in Tongjing Town Central Primary School, Jiangning District, Nanjing. It borders Anhui and is about 50 kilometers away from the main city of Nanjing. At that time, 83-year-old teacher Lu Jie also went to listen to the trial teaching together. They set off at 6: 30 in the morning and arrived at school before the first class started.

　　Although it was hard, it was fruitful. "The whole day’s trial teaching made our revision ideas suddenly clear." Gao Desheng said.

　　"Trial teaching" has almost become a "magic weapon" in the process of compiling and revising the textbooks of the three subjects.

　　Ye Xiaobing, executive editor of the history textbook for compulsory education and professor of the history department of Capital Normal University, remembers that after the seventh grade textbook was finalized, some of it was printed for trial teaching. In a class that tried to teach a hundred schools of thought contend, a student asked, "Why are Laozi, Confucius, Mencius, Mozi and others all called ‘ Son ’ ？” At that time, I was a young teacher. I didn’t expect the students to ask this question at all, so I had to answer, "This is probably the customary name at that time."

　　"Such questions can only arise in the real learning process of students, so such questions should be dispelled in the teaching materials." Ye Xiaobing said, therefore, in the revised textbook, a "related historical event" was added next to the text of this lesson. It was introduced that in the Spring and Autumn Period, Qing and Doctor were generally called "Zi", which was a kind of honorific title; By the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, people used "Zi" to address famous scholars and teachers. In the Warring States period, "Zi" became the honorific title of ordinary scholars.

　　"The compilation of teaching materials should be responsible for the country and the children." Gao Desheng said. And the most difficult thing is the construction of teaching material framework. "On the surface, framing is a technical issue of content distribution, but it is actually an educational issue explored by educational laws." In this process, really approaching students and classrooms is the best way to solve difficult problems.

　　Get out of the misunderstanding that "Hanhao bird is a bird"

　　Many people must remember the story of Hanhao Bird, because it makes people understand the truth that "you can’t be lazy and lazy, and you can’t muddle along".

　　In the past, some stories in children’s books had pictures of a bird flapping its wings and flying. Not many people questioned such a picture.

　　However, does it have to be a bird to be called Hanhao bird? In the process of compiling the textbook, experts never let go of any detail, including illustrations. "In fact, Hanhao Bird is a kind of rodent, whose scientific name is the compound-toothed flying squirrel. Because of its natural fear of cold, it barks day and night, which is commonly known as ‘ Hanhao bird ’ 。” Chen Xianyun said. The writing team searched a lot of data and pictures, and repeatedly communicated with the illustrators. Finally, the appearance characteristics of Hanhao bird were accurately shown in the illustrations of the teaching materials.

　　"Our students and parents are full of curiosity after getting the textbook and seeing Hanhao Bird." Chen Xiangsu, a Chinese teacher in tsinghua university primary school, Beijing, said that many children began to look for information. A parent took their children to do PPT overnight, and the children gave a detailed introduction to their classmates the next day. "Children not only know that they can’t be as ambitious as Hanhao bird, but also know that Hanhao bird is not only a bird, but its feces can also be used as medicine to relieve pain and promote blood circulation."

　　The new textbook clarifies the misunderstanding that people have habitually thought that Hanhao bird is a bird for decades. Chen Xianyun commented that from this small illustration, people can see that "Chinese textbooks not only pay attention to literariness, but also attach great importance to science".

　　Many experts emphasized to the reporter of China Youth Daily and Zhongqing Online that the editing process of this new textbook is to be more scientific and rigorous, to prevent mistakes as much as possible, and to minimize the possibility of misreading.

　　"I have come to Beijing no less than 30 times for this set of Chinese textbooks." Liu Shizhen, an expert in reviewing Chinese textbooks and a professor at Nanjing University, said. Textbook review is divided into thematic review and subject review, in which thematic review solves scientific problems. For example, "We often say ‘ Volcanic eruption ’ After the review, it was changed to a more scientific ‘ Volcanic eruption ’ 。”

　　After solving the scientific problems, we need to conduct disciplinary review, which requires the text to be more in line with the laws and educational characteristics of the Chinese discipline. "For example, an article written by Yang Liwei, Space Day, has no scientific problems, so we must combine the characteristics of primary school Chinese and modify it from the perspective of Chinese." Liu Shizhen said.

　　Find the original source for each historical fact.

　　"We also have a principle in the process of compiling textbooks: all historical materials quoted must be compared with the original source and cannot be sloppy." Ye Xiaobing said.

　　Most of the editors of history textbooks are professors and researchers. In order to make the new textbooks more suitable for teaching, after-school activities are generally designed by middle school teachers with rich teaching experience.

　　In the lesson "The Rule of the Ming Dynasty" in the second volume of the seventh grade, there is a subtitle "Changes in the Imperial Examination", which introduces stereotyped writing for selecting scholars. To this end, middle school teachers designed an after-school activity:

　　Gu Yanwu, a thinker in the Qing Dynasty, said: "The harm of stereotyped writing is equivalent to burning books and ruining talents, which is more than that of those trapped in the suburbs of Xianyang, but there are more than 460 people." Why did Gu Yanwu say that stereotyped writing was more harmful to talents than Qin Shihuang’s burning books and burying Confucianism? Do you agree with his comment?

　　"This activity design comes from previous teaching practice. This passage of Gu Yanwu is often used by teachers in middle school history classroom teaching to explain that stereotyped writing is criticized. " Ye Xiaobing said, but when discussing the first draft of the textbook, some people suggested that this historical material was misused. Gu Yanwu’s original intention was not to criticize stereotyped writing.

　　As a result, textbook writers began to consult a large number of historical materials, and found that this passage was indeed "out of context". This passage comes from Gu Yanwu’s Record of Japanese Knowledge (Volume 16), which was originally intended to criticize the "imaginary topic" for coping with the scientific research at that time. "The rich and powerful families invited celebrities to stay at their home schools, and each of them wrote an article on these dozens of topics, so that their children and the handsome and intelligent slaves could memorize them. Admission proposition, ten to eight, that is, copying the volume with the recorded text. " This practice makes the candidates opportunistic without reading Confucian classics, so Gu Yanwu thinks that there were more than 460 people burning books and burying Confucianism in the Qin Dynasty, but this practice is even more corrupt for talents, and this practice of reciting only simulated test questions should be abolished.

　　After finding out Gu Yanwu’s original intention, the textbook editor deleted the original activity design and redesigned the after-school activities.

　　This method of textual research, inquiry and tracing appears not only in the history discipline, but also in other disciplines in the process of compiling unified textbooks.

　　I believe many people still remember that primary school Chinese once learned a text entitled "I don’t forget to dig wells when I am drinking water".

　　This is an old text that has been used for many years, and its source is not very clear. The first time it was incorporated into the textbook was the second volume of "Chinese in Primary School Textbook (Five-year Consistent System)" published by People’s Education Society in 1952, entitled "People who don’t forget to dig wells after drinking water".

　　Chen Xianyun introduced that in the process of compiling this textbook, in order to find the "source" of this classic text, the writers searched several times and found several versions with similar topics, including a poem entitled "People who Dig Wells when Draught" and a short article entitled "People who Dig Wells when Draught". However, these poems or essays have a low similarity with the selected texts. Finally, we found a photocopy of People’s Daily on October 12, 1951 in the National Library, in which the headline news was Our Great Motherland, with a high degree of overlap between the text and the text, and finally found the original source of The Digger Who Never Forgets to Draw Water.

　　Maybe someone will ask, is it necessary to go to so much trouble for a text?

　　"Inaccuracy is prone to controversy." Chen Xianyun said that because teaching materials are the model for children to learn, rigor and accuracy should be the most basic attitude when compiling teaching materials. "We should investigate all doubts and doubts.".

　　"It is much more difficult to compile primary and secondary school textbooks than to compile university textbooks." Professor Han Zhen, an expert on textbook compilation, said that primary and secondary school students are young, so there are too many factors to consider in compiling textbooks for primary and secondary schools.

　　According to the relevant person in charge of the Textbook Bureau of the Ministry of Education, a huge compiling team of more than 140 people has been set up, and there are as many as 116 review experts. Hundreds of outstanding experts in various fields have spent five years consulting materials, repeatedly scrutinizing and entering the classroom, just to carve out the most suitable textbooks for children in China.

　　Helicobacter pylori is a common bacterium, which is mainly parasitic in human stomach and is considered to be one of the main causes of gastritis, gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer. It is closely related to gastric cancer, gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma and other diseases.70% of gastric cancer is related to Helicobacter pylori., listed by the World Health Organization asClass 1 biological carcinogen.

　　If one person is infected, the whole family should be treated.

　　In June 2023, the White Paper "Prevention and Control of Helicobacter pylori Infection in China" issued by the Institute of Infectious Diseases Prevention and Control of China CDC pointed out that the infection rate of Helicobacter pylori among Chinese residents was nearly 50%. Many people in the family have detected Helicobacter pylori, and other family members are also infected.

　　In 2023, an epidemiological survey of Helicobacter pylori infection in 29 provinces showed that the overall family infection rate in China was 71.2%, which was significantly higher than the individual infection rate of 40.6%.

　　This is because Helicobacter pylori mainly exists in saliva, dental plaque, stomach and feces, and there are three main transmission routes:Word-of-mouth transmission, dung-mouth transmission, and common appliance transmission..

　　When a person is found to be positive for Helicobacter pylori, his family may be the first to be affected.

　　Helicobacter pylori can be detected in saliva, feces and vomit of infected people. Used tableware, dental equipment, toilets, etc., as well as contaminated food and water, may become the source of infection.

　　Helicobacter pylori is associated with many diseases.

　　one

　　Infection with helicobacter pylori

　　The risk of intestinal cancer is greatly increased.

　　Studies have confirmed that Helicobacter pylori, which can only survive in the stomach, also has a strong causal relationship with the occurrence of colorectal cancer.

　　2

　　May increase the risk of throat cancer

　　A meta-analysis of 11 studies showed that the infection rate of Helicobacter pylori in patients with throat cancer increased significantly. This is related to the toxins produced by Helicobacter pylori and toxic enzymes.

　　three

　　It not only causes cancer, but also harms the brain.

　　Recently, a study showed that Helicobacter pylori, which causes cancer, can also harm the brain. Compared with people who are not infected with Helicobacter pylori, people infected with Helicobacter pylori have an increased risk of Alzheimer’s disease by 11%, with the highest risk of infection from 7.3 to 10.8 years, and the highest risk of Alzheimer’s disease by 24%.

　　Do 5 points to prevent Helicobacter pylori infection

　　Helicobacter pylori infection is closely related to our daily living habits.Helicobacter pylori is mainly transmitted by mouth, so prevention should achieve these good habits.：

　　one

　　Choose a separate meal system at dinner.

　　Or use male chopsticks to avoid cross infection.

　　Oral transmission is the main route of Helicobacter pylori transmission from person to person.

　　2

　　Disinfect tableware regularly.

　　After washing the tableware at home, put it in the disinfection cabinet, boil it for disinfection or steam disinfection.

　　three

　　Don’t feed your child mouth to mouth.

　　By chewing food, putting a pacifier or spoon in your mouth to test the temperature, parents will spread the pathogenic bacteria in your mouth to your children.

　　four

　　Be sure to wash your hands before and after meals

　　Fecal transmission is also an important way of Helicobacter pylori transmission.

　　five

　　Avoid drinking raw water and eating raw food.

　　The weather is getting hotter, and some people often eat cold food or drink raw water. If food contains microorganisms and is not fully sterilized, it may also lead to Helicobacter pylori infection.

　　All four types of people should check for Helicobacter pylori.

　　People with risk factors include:

　　Peptic ulcer (whether active or not and whether there is a history of complications);

　　Gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma;

　　Patients with early gastric cancer underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection or subtotal gastrectomy;

　　Have a family history of stomach trouble;

　　Plan to take long-term non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (including low-dose aspirin);

　　Helicobacter pylori gastritis;

　　Gastric hyperplastic polyp;

　　Helicobacter pylori-related dyspepsia;

　　Long-term use of proton pump inhibitors;

　　Primary immune thrombocytopenia;

　　Unexplained iron deficiency anemia;

　　Helicobacter pylori infection was confirmed (there was no countervailing factor for eradication treatment).

　　The detection methods of Helicobacter pylori includeNon-invasive and invasiveTwo kinds.

　　It is necessary to stop using acid inhibitors for at least 2 weeks and bismuth and antibiotics for at least 4 weeks before detection, otherwise the false negative rate will increase, that is to say, even if there is Helicobacter pylori infection, it may not be detected.

　　Non-invasive means collecting gas, stool and blood samples, usually including urea breath test, monoclonal stool antigen test and serological test.

　　Invasive methods are based on mucosal biopsy under gastroscope, usually including rapid urease test, pathological staining of gastric mucosa, Helicobacter pylori culture and polymerase chain reaction.

　　Find out whether Helicobacter pylori should be eradicated?

　　After being infected with Helicobacter pylori, patients may have symptoms such as heartburn, halitosis, burping, stomachache, nausea and vomiting, but only a small number of people will have symptoms.

　　The eradication of helicobacter pylori should be adhered to"Individualized assessment and treatment" principle. After the doctor makes a clear diagnosis and the patient has corresponding disease manifestations, it needs to be given appropriate treatment; If the patient is asymptomatic, he has reservations about eradication treatment.

　　If the infected person has peptic ulcer, Helicobacter pylori gastritis, gastric hyperplastic polyp, Helicobacter pylori-related dyspepsia, unexplained iron deficiency anemia, immune thrombocytopenia or family history of gastric cancer, it needs radical treatment.

　　Health tips

　　1. 70% of gastric cancer is related to Helicobacter pylori, which is listed as a class I biological carcinogen by the World Health Organization.

　　2. Helicobacter pylori is related to many diseases. Infection with Helicobacter pylori greatly increases the risk of intestinal cancer; May increase the risk of throat cancer; It not only causes cancer, but also harms the brain.

　　3. Do 5 points to prevent Helicobacter pylori infection: choose a separate meal system or use public chopsticks to avoid cross-infection; Disinfect tableware regularly; Don’t feed your child mouth to mouth; Avoid drinking raw water and eating raw food; Be sure to wash your hands before and after meals.

　　On January 18th, the Supreme Leader of president, China delivered a keynote speech entitled "Building a Community of Human Destiny Together" at the UN headquarters, answering the question "What’s wrong with the world and what should we do?".

　　"Insist on dialogue and consultation to build a world of lasting peace." "Insist on co-construction and sharing to build a universally safe world." "Adhere to win-win cooperation and build a world of common prosperity." "Insist on exchanges and mutual learning and build an open and inclusive world." "Adhere to green and low carbon and build a clean and beautiful world." China came up with a plan — — Build a community of human destiny and achieve win-win sharing. Combining China’s philosophy, China’s idea and China’s practice, the Chairman of the Supreme Leader pointed out the direction and mustered up the strength for people who bravely marched forward on the marathon track of peace and development from five aspects: partnership, security pattern, economic development, civilized exchange and ecological construction.

　　"Only when all countries establish a sense of community of human destiny can they jointly meet the challenges."

　　At present, mankind is in a period of great development, great change and great adjustment, and the trend of the times of peace, development, cooperation and win-win is stronger. At the same time, mankind is also in an era of endless challenges and increasing risks. In the face of the frequent turmoil in the world, the international community is eager for a clear voice to lead the way with mixed feelings of expectation and confusion.

　　"It is the expectation of the people of all countries and the due responsibility of our generation of politicians to let the fire of peace be passed down from generation to generation, the driving force of development continue and the light of civilization shine." The words of the Chairman of the Supreme Leader convey confidence and are full of firm strength. According to Ricardo Ortiz, Chairman of the Center for International Trade and Sustainable Development, the Chairman of the Supreme Leader delivered a clear message through his speech, that is, China plays a vital role in the process of promoting global sustainable development, and has been and will always be responsible as a big country.

　　William jones, an American expert on international issues and president of the Washington branch of Global Strategic Information magazine, read the full text of the speech of the Supreme Leader in Geneva for the first time. In an interview with our reporter, he said that the speech reflected the sincerity and determination of the China government and the Supreme Leader himself to safeguard the current international order and promote the cause of international peace and development. "He faced up to the problem and gave a plan for China, ‘ Community consciousness of destiny ’ It is also the only choice in the world today. Mankind has been closely linked, and the problems in the world are no longer those that a single country can cope with alone. Only when all countries establish a sense of community of human destiny can they jointly meet the challenges. "

　　From the principle of equality and sovereignty established by the Peace Treaty of Westphalia to the international humanitarian spirit established by the Geneva Convention; From the four purposes and seven principles defined in the Charter of the United Nations to the five principles of peaceful coexistence advocated by the Bandung Conference, the evolution of international relations has accumulated a series of recognized principles, and the construction of a community of human destiny is also based on these basic principles. "The community of human destiny is an important innovation in China’s diplomacy in the new era." Attl, a professor at Russian Geopolitics Institute, believes that there are many ideas in China’s ancient philosophy that embody the spirit of tolerance and harmony, and this traditional wisdom can play an important role in today’s world. It breaks the old ideological boundaries and provides a new perspective for the future of the world.

　　The words of Roger, a professor of politics and law at Cardiff University in the United Kingdom, represent the views of many people of insight in the world today: "Only by holding a group to keep warm and establishing a community of human destiny that shares weal and woe and lives together is the wise way out."

　　"Bring new hope to ensure regional and world peace and stability"

　　The road to simplicity is the most important thing. Knowing "what’s wrong" and focusing on "how to do it" is the key to building a community of human destiny with action. As Roger said, "China’s plan is practical and should be praised by the international community. Chairman of the Supreme Leader put forward in the keynote speech ‘ Five Persistences ’ It provides a realistic road map and action guide for building a community of human destiny and will bring new hope to the world. "

　　Looking back at the history of the world, war and peace are the unchangeable melody of the development of human civilization. In today’s world, terrorism, ethnic conflicts and religious conflicts still bring instability to the world. Without peace, all prosperity is nothing. In this regard, the Chairman of the Supreme Leader has a profound understanding. In his speech, he put "persisting in dialogue and consultation and building a lasting and peaceful world" at the top of the "China Plan" to explain it, which stems from his profound grasp of history and the current situation. "Countries should build a partnership of dialogue, non-confrontation and non-alignment." Correct concept of justice and interests, new-type relations between major powers, sincere and tolerant peripheral diplomacy, and true and sincere policy toward Africa … … China’s diplomatic wisdom itself is a vivid practice of pursuing lasting world peace by resolving contradictions through communication and dispelling suspicion through sincerity.

　　"Single is easy to fold, but many are hard to destroy." The Chairman of the Supreme Leader also puts the establishment of a common, comprehensive, cooperative and sustainable security concept in an important position, emphasizing "persisting in co-construction and sharing and building a universally safe world". "China’s contribution to world peace and development is indispensable, and China has played a huge role in peacekeeping, counter-terrorism and the Iranian nuclear issue." William jones commented.

　　"China adheres to a fair and objective position on international hotspot issues such as the Afghan issue and the Syrian issue, and has provided a positive and effective China plan." Khalid Rahman, director of the Islamabad Policy Research Institute in Pakistan, said in an interview with this reporter that building a community of human destiny is of great guiding significance for strengthening international cooperation and building and sharing peace and stability. China’s plan will help promote the overall situation of all countries working together to safeguard peace and development and bring new hope to ensure regional and world peace and stability.

　　"full of philosophy and humanistic care, it has a strong practical guiding significance."

　　On January 17, the Chairman of the Supreme Leader delivered a keynote speech at the opening ceremony of the 2017 annual meeting of the World Economic Forum, emphasizing the need to unswervingly promote economic globalization, guide the direction of economic globalization, firmly establish a sense of community of human destiny, share responsibility, help each other in the same boat, and promote global development. One day later, at the United Nations headquarters in Geneva, the Chairman of the Supreme Leader once again emphasized "strengthening coordination, improving governance and promoting the construction of an open, inclusive, inclusive, balanced and win-win economic globalization". The concept of community of human destiny advocated by China has been further rooted in people’s hearts.

　　"Good scholars do their best, and good people find it difficult." When he visited the United Nations Headquarters in September 2015 and attended the series of summits marking the 70th anniversary of the founding of the United Nations, the Chairman of the Supreme Leader comprehensively expounded the connotation of building a community of human destiny, emphasizing the need to establish a partnership of equal treatment, mutual business and mutual understanding, create a fair and just security pattern of joint construction and sharing, seek open, innovative, inclusive and mutually beneficial development prospects, promote civilized exchanges that are harmonious but diverse and eclectic, and build an ecological system that respects nature and green development. This time in Geneva, the Chairman of the Supreme Leader gave a more in-depth explanation of the concept of a community of human destiny, which was widely valued and appreciated by the international community.

　　Nabil abdulla hameed, former first assistant of the Egyptian Ministry of International Cooperation, said that the speech of the Supreme Leader was full of philosophy and humanistic care, which combined the basic compliance of the international order with China’s plan and had strong practical guiding significance. The BBC reported that in the eyes of the whole world, China has become more important, and China’s role is "indispensable" in world peace and development.

　　The book "The Supreme Leader Revives China" edited by Ross Terrill, a researcher at Fairbank China Research Center of Harvard University, commented that the global governance system with the community of human destiny as the program shows the strategic thinking on the long-term development of relations between China and other countries in the world, and also brings new impetus to the establishment of a new international order.

　　Ericson, director of the European Center for International Political and Economic Studies, believes that the achievements made in the past 20 to 30 years have created a harmonious human environment and peaceful state relations. I think the purpose of President Xi’s speech is to maintain this good environment and make it develop in a better direction through the global governance mechanism.

　　The Palais des Nations in Geneva once again witnessed the Chinese program shining on the international stage. To build a community of human destiny, the great journey needs the joint efforts of all countries.

　　(Beijing, Washington, London, Moscow, Islamabad, Cairo, Geneva, January 22nd, by reporters Jiao Xiang, Liu Rui, Lin Rui, Zhang Penghui, Huang Peizhao, Li Yingqi, Qu Song, Wei Xu, Han Xiaoming and Wang Yuan)

　　General Secretary of the Supreme Leader once sent a message to young people at the Peking University Teachers’ and Students’ Symposium, saying, "What you have learned can’t stay in books, can’t just be put in your head, but should be put into action, so as to achieve the unity of knowledge and action, promote action with knowledge and seek knowledge with action". Recently, ten departments, including the Ministry of Education, the Central Propaganda Department, and the Central Network Information Office, issued the Work Plan for Comprehensively Promoting the Construction of the "Great Ideological and Political Course", which requires making good use of large social classrooms and carrying out practical teaching by using practical activities such as voluntary service, theoretical preaching, and social research. To promote the construction of "Great Ideological and Political Course", we must focus on the fundamental task of educating people, strengthen the awareness of problems, highlight the practice orientation, fully mobilize the strength and resources of the whole society, and promote the integration of small ideological and political classes with large social classes.

　　For this reason, this summer, members of the China Academy of Social Sciences’ Marxist College went to dangtu county, Maanshan City, Anhui Province, to conduct in-depth research on its actual development, relying on local returning college students to work as grassroots league cadres. This practice is not only closely related to the propositions of the times, such as rural revitalization, grass-roots governance, and career planning for college students, but also has important practical significance for absorbing outstanding college students to return home to participate in social governance and enhancing their sense of belonging and identity with their hometown.

　　Building a "Big Classroom" and Carrying out a New Model of Practical Teaching

　　Ideological and political theory course is the key course to implement the fundamental task of moral education. To promote the construction of ideological and political theory courses, we should persist in strengthening through improvement and improving through innovation, update teaching contents in time and enrich teaching methods. "Ideological and political lessons should be taught not only in the classroom, but also in social life." Therefore, Dangtu County Committee expanded the original project of "School-Land Co-construction", and took Dangtu college students as grassroots league cadres as an opportunity to promote the organic combination of ideological and political small classes and social large classes, and innovate the forms of college students’ participation in social practice, so that returning students have the opportunity to integrate classroom theory with practice, get in-depth contact with detailed information on grassroots governance and development, and enhance their understanding of grassroots league affairs. At the same time, the township youth league committees organize practical activities such as voluntary service and theoretical preaching according to the actual situation, and guide young students to "integrate the ego into the ego" in practice, improve their comprehensive quality, enhance their political identity, and achieve the effect of practical education. The development of this project not only enriches the horizons of returning college students, but also injects fresh blood into the reform of grassroots league organizations, which is of great significance to unite and lead the majority of young league members to strengthen their ideals and beliefs and always follow the party.

　　Part-time League cadres in Dalong Town participated in the theme reading meeting organized by the League Committee and made a speech.

　　Building a "big platform" to promote the coordinated development of practical teaching

　　The practical teaching of ideological and political course integrates teaching with practice, and the whole process links with "teachers and students’ home-school society" Colleges and universities are the main body of running schools, linking families with society, and bearing the main responsibility of running ideological and political courses well. However, in order to really teach the "Great Ideological and Political Course", we must attach great importance to the mutual cooperation among the government, schools, society, families and practical units, and build a collaborative education community. In 2021, dangtu county was listed as a pilot area for the reform of grass-roots organizations of the Communist Youth League at the county level. In order to do a solid job in the pilot reform of grass-roots league organizations, Dangtu League County Committee started the first project of returning college students taking part-time jobs in grass-roots league organizations, and enriched the backbone of youth league organizations at all levels in dangtu county through various channels by employing young work officers and absorbing part-time jobs of returning college students. This project provides a platform for returning college students to participate in social governance, so that they can truly "bring what they have learned from the university to their hometowns, bring the feelings of study and life in big cities to their hometown people, and use practical actions to cheer for rural revitalization". With the idea of all-round education in the whole process deeply rooted in the hearts of the people, the project also mobilized the strength of families and universities in the publicity process. In the process of field research, the members of the delegation learned that most college students’ part-time league cadres knew that the opportunity of this project was mainly recommended by their families or pushed by WeChat official account in colleges and universities. Family, school and society share the same educational goal, and only by giving full play to their roles can the synergy be maximized.

　　Cultivate "big vision" and establish the goal of practical teaching.

　　General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out that reform and innovation are the spirit of the times, teenagers are the most active group, and the construction of ideological and political courses should be dynamic to reform and innovation. The teaching of ideological and political course is a very creative work. We need to constantly promote the reform and innovation of ideological and political course, and tell the truth deeply, thoroughly and vividly, so as to give full play to Bacon’s role in casting souls. During this investigation in Anhui, the members of the practice group mainly took the project of returning college students from dangtu county as a grassroots league cadre as the breakthrough point to explore its significance in the perspective of "Great Ideological and Political Course". Through talking with college students’ part-time youth league cadres, we know that the experience of participating in the project has benefited them a lot. Participating in the practice of this project has enriched the social experience of young students, cultivated their ability to find, analyze and solve problems by scientific methods, and helped to cultivate and enhance their various literacy abilities such as thinking logic ability, dialectical thinking ability and practical exploration ability. In addition, through practical experience, returning college students can fully and deeply understand social conditions and public opinion, and closely combine their own development with national development, which will help them to better choose and plan their future career paths, find the right direction of life, and grow into new people of the times who can shoulder the heavy responsibility of national rejuvenation.

　　Stonebridge part-time youth league cadres organize red propaganda activities for retired soldiers.

　　The concept of "great ideological and political course" puts forward new requirements for how to train people in ideological and political education in the new era, and also provides new impetus for the reform of ideological and political theory courses in the new era. Society is the classroom, the vast number of young people should measure the land of the motherland with their footsteps, and practice rich theoretical knowledge. Families, schools and society should pay attention to coordinated development and form joint efforts to jointly run ideological and political courses in the new era. (Author: China Academy of Social Sciences College of Marxism Liu Chinan)

　　[In-depth study, publicity and implementation of the spirit of the 20th Party Congress]

　　Author: Bai Xianliang (research fellow of Socialism with Chinese characteristics Theoretical System Research Center, vice president of Hainan Normal University)

　　Report to the 20th CPC National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward that "why the Communist Party of China (CPC) can and why Socialism with Chinese characteristics is good, in the final analysis, it is a Marxist line, and it is a Marxist line with China times". This important exposition not only brilliantly expounds the dialectical relationship among "why the Communist Party of China (CPC) can", "why Marxism works" and "why Socialism with Chinese characteristics is good", but also profoundly expounds the internal logic of Marxism, and reveals the inherent law and historical necessity of the modernization of Marxism in China. It is of great significance for the Party to hold high the great banner, strengthen its faith, grasp the historical initiative and write a glorious chapter in the new era to profoundly grasp the rich connotation of this important exposition.

　　1. Contains profound basic principles of Marxism.

　　To say "Marxism is good" means that Marxism is feasible and useful in practice and can stand the test of practice. To say "in the final analysis, it’s a Marxist line, which is China-oriented and modernized" emphasizes that Marxism is fundamental in the practice that has been proved, and on the other hand, it emphasizes that Marxism that has been proved is concrete rather than abstract, developing rather than constant, and contains profound basic principles of Marxism.

　　Ideological theory has a leading role in practical practice. Human beings always carry out practical activities under the control and guidance of certain ideological theories. What kind of ideas, theories, there will be what kind of practical activities. Lenin profoundly pointed out that without revolutionary theory, there would be no revolutionary movement. Marxist scientific theory is fundamental and leading to the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s revolution, construction and reform. Before Marxism was introduced into China, the people of China struggled in the dark to save the country and the people, and all their struggles ended in failure. The October Revolution brought Marxism–Leninism to China, which pointed out the way forward and provided a brand-new choice for the people of China who were struggling to find a way out to save the nation. It was under the guidance of Marxism that the Communist Party of China (CPC) opened up the correct road of revolution, construction and reform, and successively won the victories of revolution, construction and reform in China. The Communist Party of China (CPC)’s success in the historical process of China’s revolution, construction and reform lies, in the final analysis, in his practice of Marxism and his persistence in taking Marxism as the guidance.

　　The realization of the value of scientific theory is concrete and historical. Whether an ideological theory is feasible or not and whether it has truth should be tested and answered in concrete practice. Looking back on the glorious history of the Communist Party of China (CPC) since its founding, it is not difficult to draw the conclusion that since the guidance of Marxism, the spiritual world of China people has changed from passive to active, and the face of China revolution has taken on a new look. At the same time, it is not difficult to find that what really guides and promotes the development of China revolution is not dogmatic and bookish Marxism, but Marxism that has realized the development of China times. Historically, the mistakes in treating Marxism with bookishness and dogmatism have caused great losses to the party and the revolutionary cause. Practice has repeatedly proved that any scientific theory can only be applied in concrete practice and combined with concrete practice, so as to show and play the truth value of guiding and promoting the development of practice. Marxism has guided and promoted the development of revolution, construction and reform in China just because it has realized the development of China era.

　　The unity of truth and value is conditional. The practical activities of human beings are always restricted by the scale of truth and value. If any practical activity is to succeed, it is necessary to respect the law and act according to the truth, but also to respect the practice and act according to the actual needs, so as to achieve the unity of regularity and purpose. Practice itself is a condition for the unity of truth and value. Marxism is science and truth, and it works in practice, but its "action" needs to be promoted and verified by practice, which has certain conditions and cannot be realized spontaneously. In China, the key to Marxism’s "action" lies in that it has found the Communist Party of China (CPC) as the subject of practice, been established as the guiding ideology of the Communist Party of China (CPC), been mastered and practiced by the Communist Party of China (CPC) people and the broad masses of the people, found the fundamental path of combining the basic principles of Marxism with the concrete reality of China and the excellent traditional Chinese culture, and realized the China and modern development.

　　2. Demonstrate the historical wisdom of the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s century-long struggle.

　　At the conference to celebrate the centenary of the founding of the Communist Party of China (CPC), the Supreme Leader General Secretary summarized and reviewed the glorious course of the Party’s struggle for a hundred years, put forward the conclusion that "in the final analysis, it is because of the Marxist line", and profoundly expounded the dialectical relationship among "ability", "line" and "good". The Party’s Report to the 20th CPC National Congress enriched and developed this thesis, and further emphasized that "it is a Marxist line of China modernization". It can be seen that the proposition of this thesis contains the historical vision and dialectical logic of examining the problem from the beginning, and embodies the historical wisdom of the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s century-long struggle, that is, insisting on theoretical innovation, adhering to the leadership of the party and adhering to the high unity of China road.

　　Insist on theoretical innovation. Marxism is the fundamental guiding ideology for building the country and strengthening the country. The reason why the Communist Party of China (CPC) was able to lead the people to accomplish the arduous tasks that other political forces in China could not accomplish in their quest and exploration again and again lies in his persistence in emancipating the mind, seeking truth from facts, keeping pace with the times, seeking truth and being pragmatic, persisting in combining the basic principles of Marxism with China’s concrete reality, and combining with Chinese excellent traditional culture, taking Marxist theory as a guide to action rather than dogma, forming one innovative theoretical achievement after another and realizing the China era of Marxism. Only by constantly promoting theoretical innovation and constantly guiding new practice with innovative theories can Marxism glow with more vitality and "do" forever.

　　Adhere to the leadership of the party. Adhere to the guidance of Marxism, we can’t treat Marxism abstractly and empty, and we can’t treat it as a slogan and label. Adhering to the guidance of Marxism in China, the most fundamental thing is to adhere to the leadership of the Communist Party of China (CPC), because the Communist Party of China (CPC) is a party guided by Marxism, and Marxism is the theoretical banner and soul of the Communist Party of China (CPC). Therefore, adhering to the guidance of Marxism cannot be separated from adhering to the party’s leadership. Without adhering to the leadership of the party and adhering to Marxism as the guidance, it will become an empty talk.

　　Stick to the road of China. Socialism with Chinese characteristics Road is a road suitable for China’s national conditions, which the Communist Party of China (CPC) led the people of China, persisted in taking Marxism as the guide and explored after a long struggle. This road cannot be opened up without the leadership of the Party and the theoretical guidance of Marxism. Adhering to the guidance of Marxism and holding high the great banner of Marxism means strengthening road confidence and unswervingly adhering to the road of Socialism with Chinese characteristics. The successful development and continuous expansion of China Road is a vivid practice of "in the final analysis, it is a Marxist line with China modernization".

　　3. Clear the fundamental path for Marxism to really play its role.

　　As a scientific theory, Marxism has pointed out the direction for the development and progress of human society, and it is a powerful ideological weapon for us to understand the world, grasp the law, pursue the truth and transform the world. Whether Marxism can play a role in practice or not depends on whether it can be used to guide practice, whether it can combine the basic principles of Marxism with the specific national conditions and characteristics of the times, realize the localization and modernization of Marxism, and whether it can be mastered by the people as a theoretical weapon.

　　Marxism can only be "done" if it is applied in practice. As a scientific theory, Marxism can only shine the light of truth and play a guiding role in practice if it is applied in practice. Marxism can’t be "done" if it is just shelved or stuck in rhetoric. An important and fundamental reason why Marxism is "popular" in China lies in that Marxism is the fundamental guiding ideology for building the Party and the country, which was held high by the Communist Party of China (CPC) as the ideological banner, and the Party constantly promoted the modernization of Marxism in China and used it to guide practice.

　　Marxism can only be "done" if it is localized and modernized. Marxism has the theoretical character of keeping pace with the times. It does not end the truth, but opens the way to the truth, which must be constantly developed with the development of the times, practice and science. Engels profoundly pointed out: "Marx’s whole world outlook is not a doctrine, but a method. What it provides is not a ready-made dogma, but a starting point for further research and a method for such research. " Only by realizing the localization and modernization of Marxism can we solve specific problems in different countries, different nationalities and different times and be proved to be "feasible". The reason why Marxism "works" in China lies in the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s persistent combination of the basic principles of Marxism with the concrete reality of China and the excellent traditional Chinese culture, persistent use of the "arrow" of Marxism to shoot the "purpose" of China, persistent use of Marxist world outlook and methodology to observe, interpret and lead the times, grasp the development requirements of the times and understand the general trend of the times.

　　Marxism can only be "done" if it is mastered by the people. Marxism is a theory that comes from, for and for the benefit of the people, and the people’s nature is the essential attribute of Marxism. To play a role in practice, Marxism should not only become a theoretical form close to the times and practice, but also master the people as the main body of practice and become the theoretical guide and action program of the people. History is created by the people, and the people are the real masters of history. Without the practical application of the people, Marxism cannot be a powerful theoretical weapon to transform the world, let alone a great force to create history. Only when Marxism is mastered by the masses of the people and becomes an expert in starting a business, can it glow with great practical power. This means that every step forward in theoretical innovation will be followed by theoretical armed forces. Arming the people with scientific theory and promoting the popularization of Marxism is an important follow-up of Marxism.

　　4. Point out the direction of strengthening the party’s own construction and promoting the development of Socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era.

　　Grasping the close internal logical relationship among "ability", "behavior" and "goodness" is of great significance for promoting the development of Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s cause and strengthening the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s self-construction in the new era. From the level of guiding ideology and theoretical innovation, the focus is on the following aspects.

　　Firm in theory and self-confidence. Looking back on the modern history of China, we can find that the fate of Marxism is closely linked with the fate of the Communist Party of China (CPC), the fate of China people and the fate of the Chinese nation. Its scientific nature and truth have been fully tested in China, its popularity and practicality have been fully implemented in China, and its openness and modernity have been fully demonstrated in China. It is completely correct for history and people to choose Marxism, and it is completely correct for the Communist Party of China (CPC) to write Marxism on his own banner. It is completely correct to adhere to the combination of the basic principles of Marxism with the concrete reality of China and with the excellent traditional Chinese culture, and constantly promote the modernization of Marxism in China. To embark on a new journey, unite and lead the people of all ethnic groups in China to build a socialist modernization power in an all-round way, realize the goal of the second century, and comprehensively promote the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation with Chinese modernization, we must strengthen our theoretical confidence in Marxism.

　　Promoting theory and strengthening the party. As a Marxist political party, the Communist Party of China (CPC) has made mutual achievements with Marxist theory. On the one hand, since its founding, the Communist Party of China (CPC) has insisted on Marxism as the fundamental guiding ideology, armed the whole party with Marxist theory and regarded Marxism as an ace in the hole. On the other hand, the Communist Party of China (CPC) attached great importance to building the Party with thought and strengthening the Party with theory, treated science with a scientific attitude, pursued truth with the spirit of truth, constantly promoted the innovation and development of Marxism, and constantly formed the theoretical achievements of Marxism’s modernization in China. It is the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s distinctive political character and strong political advantage to have the guidance of Marxist scientific theory. To promote party building, we must unswervingly arm the whole party with the latest achievements of Marxism and promote party building with theory.

　　Enhance the sense of action. Adhere to the guidance of Marxism, and finally put it into practice. In contemporary China, adhering to the guidance of Marxism must fall on studying the major theoretical and practical problems faced by China’s development and our party’s governance, putting forward correct ideas and effective methods to solve problems, and enhancing the consciousness of applying theory, development theory and innovation theory. We should firmly grasp the world outlook and methodology of the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era, adhere to and make good use of the standpoints and methods that run through it, adhere to the people’s supremacy, self-confidence, self-reliance, integrity and innovation, problem-oriented, systematic concept, and mind the world, and constantly improve our ability of strategic thinking, historical thinking, dialectical thinking, systematic thinking, innovative thinking, rule of law thinking and bottom-line thinking, so as to properly deal with complicated actual situations.

　　Yangzi Evening News (correspondent Di Gongxuan, Zhou Qian, reporter Chen Yong) Recently, Xiao Chen, who is about to take the adult college entrance examination, saw a link to the exam answer in an exam WeChat group. As soon as she saw it, she clicked in. After talking with the "customer service", the other party promised to pay 900 yuan only, and the correct rate was 99%.

　　Because he felt that "the exam was too painful", Xiao Chen paid the money through Alipay according to the other party’s prompt. The other party sent a compressed package, but Chen Faxian Jr. needed a password to open it. After asking the other party, he was told that he still had to pay the 800 yuan deposit. Xiao Chen paid the money again. Unexpectedly, the other party said that 1000 yuan still had to pay the "confidentiality fee", explaining that it was to prevent the answer from being leaked and could be returned in the future. Xiao Chen felt a little reasonable after listening to it, so he did it again. However, the other party was not satisfied. Not only did he not send a password, but he also asked Xiao Chen for money. Xiao Chen called for help.

　　When she called the police, she told the police that she joined an adult college entrance examination group, and everyone in the group didn’t know each other. After being deceived, the link to the exam answer can’t be opened. "Early know will be cheated, I might as well find ‘ Gunner ’ What? " Xiao Chen said regretfully. At present, the police have filed an investigation into Xiao Chen’s deception. At the same time, the police severely criticized Xiao Chen’s behavior and told her that his behavior of "looking for a gunman" may also be suspected of committing a crime.

　　The police reminded: The Criminal Law Amendment (IX) formally criminalizes the act of taking the place of examination, and those who take the national examination in place of others or let others take the place of themselves as prescribed by law shall be sentenced to criminal detention or control, and shall also or only be fined. Both candidates and "gunmen" will be punished.

Spring Festival travel rush was officially launched today in 2024.

From January 26th to March 5th, the period is 40 days.

lanzhou Railway Administrator

Scientifically and rationally arrange transportation capacity

Introduce more measures to facilitate the people and benefit the people.

Make the passenger experience better.

During Spring Festival travel rush, lanzhou railway administration

It is estimated to send 8.5 million passengers.

An increase of 7.6% compared with 2019

An increase of 19.7% compared with 2023.

Send an average of 213,000 person-times per day.

Passenger flow law

Before and after the Spring Festival, the peak passenger flow will appear on February 5 and February 15, and it is estimated that the daily average number of passengers sent will be 250,000 and 300,000 respectively. Before the holiday, students are on holiday, and Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Guangdong, Sichuan and other places are mainly doing business in the northwest, returning home for work and visiting relatives; After the holiday, students returning to school and working in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Urumqi are the main passengers.

Add a train

During the period of Spring Festival travel rush, lanzhou railway administration plans to open 14 pairs of temporary passenger trains, including 7 pairs of ordinary speed trains and 7 pairs of EMU trains.

General-speed passenger service mainly involves Lanzhou West to Beijing Fengtai, Jiayuguan to Shanghai, Lanzhou to Dongguan East, Lanzhou to Shanghai, Lanzhou to Urumqi, Lanzhou to Hotan, Jiayuguan to Beijing Fengtai and other directions.

EMU passengers mainly involve Lanzhou West to Shanghai Hongqiao, Lanzhou West to Xi ‘an North, Lanzhou West to Tianshui South, Hangzhou West to Luoyang Longmen, Hangzhou West to Nanyang East, Shanghai Hongqiao to Sanmenxia South, and Beijing West to Handan.

There are 4 pairs of night EMU trains in the direction from Lanzhou West to Shanghai Hongqiao, which makes passengers travel more diversified.

Running emu trains on peak line

In addition, there will be 15 pairs of temporary passengers from other railway bureaus passing through or eventually arriving at the station in lanzhou railway administration, which gives passengers more choices.

Lanzhou railway administration will also operate 9 pairs of peak line EMU trains on Baolan High-speed Railway and Yinxi High-speed Railway, mainly involving Lanzhou West to Zhengzhou East, Lianyungang, Xi ‘an North, Yinchuan to Xi ‘an North and other directions. It will be more convenient for passengers in Gansu and Ningxia provinces to travel, and continue to maintain the scale of public welfare "slow trains" to meet the travel needs of tourists in remote areas.

Warm service

On the first day of Spring Festival travel rush, Lanzhou West Railway Station invited calligraphy lovers to write Spring Festival couplets and present blessings to passengers in the waiting hall. Yinchuan Station and Lantie cits joint opened a large collection of new year’s goods in the waiting room, and a dazzling array of Ningxia native products such as medlar not only enriched passengers’ suitcases, but also played a positive role in helping Ningxia rural revitalization; The staff of Ningxia Red Cross Society and the police of railway police were invited to explain the common sense of health care and safe travel to passengers on the spot.

Improvement and upgrading of service facilities

Lanzhou railway administration has promoted the renovation and upgrading of the overall station service facilities, actively promoted the hand-warming project, built a free charging area for passengers, installed hot water treasure in all hand-washing pools in the waiting room to facilitate passengers’ travel, provided exclusive services for inquiries, ticket purchase and riding, and equipped with classified garbage bins, hand warmers and wheelchairs to provide convenience for passengers who purchase tickets. And optimize the streamline of passengers entering, waiting, checking, boarding, boarding and leaving the station at each station in the tube, strengthen passenger guidance in crowded places, and ensure passengers get on and off in an orderly manner.

Rich atmosphere

The waiting halls of Lanzhou and Yinchuan stations, and the trains in Lanzhou and Yinchuan passenger transport sections are also decorated with Spring Festival couplets, blessings and Chinese knots full of rich flavor of the year. In a rich festive atmosphere, well-prepared cultural programs are also presented to the passengers who enter the station and take the bus with a feast full of folk culture.

At the same time, lanzhou railway administration continues to strengthen the transportation of key materials related to the national economy and people’s livelihood, such as coal for power generation and heating, spring ploughing fertilizer and holiday materials, so as to ensure the warm winter of the people and the smooth operation of the national economy.

The railway department reminds the passengers to go out in advance on the day of travel, leaving enough time for security check, real-name registration system verification and ticket inspection, and recognizing the station name marked on the ticket face, so as not to delay the trip because of running the wrong bus stop.

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China Railway Lanzhou Bureau Group Co., Ltd. Rong Media Center

Materials provided: Qiang Ke, Wu Yajie, Song Jialong (Reporter) Tian Yunlong (Lanzhou Station) and Lian Wei (Lanzhou North Station)

Original title: "Spring Festival travel rush starts today in 2024! 》

Read the original text

　　— — Learn from the important speech of the Supreme Leader at the 200th anniversary of Marx’s birth.

　　Wang Tingyou, Professor and Doctoral Supervisor, School of Marxism, Renmin University of China

　　On the morning of May 4th, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader attended the conference to commemorate the bicentennial of Marx’s birth and delivered an important speech. The speech is a brilliant Marxist programmatic document with a broad vision, profound thoughts and rich contents. This is the solemn oath of the ruling party with more than 80 million party member and the second largest economy in the world to hold high the great banner of Marxism in front of the world, strengthen the lofty belief of Marxism, and let the bright future of human society envisioned by Marx and Engels be vividly displayed on the land of China.

　　The speech deeply cherished the great achievements of Marx’s life, profoundly explained the scientific connotation of Marxism and its great role in the development of human society, scientifically summarized the magnificent course and great achievements of the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s creative promotion of Marxism in China, and pointed out the basic requirements for the Communist Party of China (CPC) people to study and practice Marxism in the new era, which was of great theoretical guidance and practical pertinence, and was of great and far-reaching significance.

　　In his speech, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader put forward nine important requirements on how to study Marx, study and practice Marxism in the new era. The first requirement is to "study and practice Marxist thoughts on the laws governing the development of human society".

　　General Secretary of the Supreme Leader regards Marxism’s thought on the law of development of human society as the primary requirement for studying and practicing Marxism in the new era, and connects this thought with the firm ideals and beliefs of communist party people, believing that this thought is the theoretical basis for communist party people to stick to their spiritual homeland. The supreme leader pointed out that Marx’s science revealed the inevitable trend of human society finally moving towards communism. Marx firmly believes that the historical trend is rushing forward. As long as the people become their own masters, the masters of society and the masters of the development of human society, the communist ideal will certainly be realized step by step in the realistic movement that constantly changes the existing situation. Marxism has laid the theoretical foundation for communist party people to strengthen their ideals and beliefs. This profound insight has grasped the essence and essence of Marxist belief, which needs to be firmly remembered and deeply understood by every firm communist party people in the new era.

　　Marxism reveals the general law of the development of human society. Today, we are talking about the law of the evolution and replacement of human society before capitalism. For example, slave society will inevitably replace primitive society, feudal society will inevitably replace slave society, and capitalist society will inevitably replace feudal society. Most people can agree with it, because history has fully proved that this law exists objectively, and Marxism’s revelation of this law is also based on summing up history and facts. However, it is a scientific truth that socialism will inevitably replace capitalism and mankind will eventually enter communism. I am afraid that some people will not agree with it, and even some party member cadres cannot fully accept it from the bottom of their hearts. Maybe they will support it politically, but they can’t form consciousness in their ideological understanding, and they can’t turn it into a firm belief in the depths of their souls.

　　There are many reasons for this situation, including objective reasons and subjective factors, but the subjective factor is the first one. An important subjective reason is the lack of profound understanding and accurate grasp of Marxist thought on the law of human social development. If you are not sober in thought and theory, you will not be firm in political action. Therefore, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader repeatedly emphasized the importance of firm ideals and beliefs. For example, on November 17th, 2012, he pointed out in his speech at the first collective study in the 18th the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee that the belief in Marxism, socialism and communism is the political soul of communist party people and the spiritual pillar for communist party people to stand any test. Figuratively speaking, ideals and beliefs are the spiritual "calcium" of communist party people. Without ideals and beliefs, ideals and beliefs are not firm, they will be mentally "calcium-deficient" and will get "rickets".

　　On September 11th, 2015, during the 26th collective study in the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee, he pointed out that the root of communist party people is our belief in Marxism, communism and socialism, and our loyalty to the Party and the people. To establish a solid foundation is to strengthen this belief, this belief and this loyalty. Only by working hard to establish a solid foundation can we have strong immunity and resistance.

　　In these two paragraphs, the Supreme Leader described it as "political soul", "spiritual pillar" and "the root of communist party people" that it is extremely important to be firm in ideals and beliefs. There are many similar arguments.

　　The conclusion of the law of social development that capitalism is bound to perish and communism is bound to win is not the result of Marx and Engels’ subjective imagination, but the result of their analysis of the basic contradictions in capitalist society by using the basic principles of historical materialism. Because there is an insurmountable basic contradiction between the sociality of production and capitalist private possession of means of production in capitalist society, the outbreak of cyclical economic crisis has become a "strange circle" that capitalist economy can’t jump out of and a lingering nightmare in capitalist society.

　　The history of capitalist development since the birth of Marxism has fully proved this ironclad fact. According to the Marxist viewpoint, to completely solve the basic contradictions in capitalist society, we need to adapt to the requirements of socialization of production, replace capitalist private ownership with socialist public ownership, and let the society occupy the means of production and adjust the national economy. This is the theoretical basis of the "two necessities" put forward in the communist party Declaration, and it is also the theoretical basis for communist party people to strengthen their ideals and beliefs and stick to their spiritual home.

　　Of course, it will take a long time for socialism to replace capitalism, and it will not happen overnight; However, no matter how tortuous the historical experience is, the general trend of human social development has not changed and will not change.

　　In today’s era when socialism and capitalism coexist and capitalism is still dominant, it is particularly important to strengthen ideals and beliefs. The key to measure whether a party member is qualified depends on whether he sincerely believes in Marxism and has firm faith in communism and socialism, and whether he can adhere to the basic viewpoint of historical materialism that capitalism is bound to perish and communism is bound to win. Only when party member cadres have lofty ideals of communism and adhere to the fundamental purpose of serving the people heart and soul, can they be hardworking, enjoy themselves in the back, work diligently, be honest and perform their duties in public, and work hard for their ideals, strive hard and give all their energy and even their lives. This is also a great significance for us to commemorate the 200th anniversary of Marx’s birth today. As General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out in his speech, stick to the ideals and beliefs of communist party people and fight for communism for life like Marx.

　　Strengthening ideals and beliefs should be combined with being down-to-earth. Since its founding, the Communist Party of China (CPC) has scientifically integrated the Party’s highest ideal and ultimate goal with the Party’s basic program and the main tasks at the present stage, and successfully completed the tasks of the new-democratic revolution and the socialist revolution. After the reform and opening up, our party led the people to start a new great revolution. Upholding and developing Socialism with Chinese characteristics and realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation are the fundamental tasks to be accomplished by the Party in a long historical period. This requires that our party should not only adhere to the highest ideal and ultimate goal of the party, but also adhere to and develop Socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era and complete the main tasks of the party at this stage. It is necessary to deeply understand that the realization of communism is a historical process in which the goals are achieved step by step, to unify the lofty ideal of communism with the common ideal of Socialism with Chinese characteristics and what we are doing, and to strengthen Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s road confidence, theoretical confidence, institutional confidence and cultural confidence.

　　In order to scientifically understand Marxist thought about the law of human social development, we must study Marxism hard. Marxism, like any other science, needs hard study before it can be systematically mastered and applied flexibly. The supreme leader pointed out that it is necessary to study deeply, persistently and assiduously, and learn with problems and practice. He also said: "communist party people should regard reading Marxist classics and understanding Marxist principles as a living habit and as a spiritual pursuit, and use classics to cultivate righteousness, refine thoughts, sublimate the realm and guide practice." These important expositions have clarified the basic methods and requirements for studying Marxism, which should become the motto of every cadre in party member, set off an upsurge of studying and practicing Marxism in the whole party and society, and provide a powerful spiritual motivation and action guide for realizing the two centenary goals and the Chinese nation’s great rejuvenation of the Chinese dream. (Editor Guo Suping)

　　(This article is the phased achievement of China Renmin University’s 21st Century China Marxist Research Collaborative Innovation Center.)

According to the Electoral College system, the president of the United States is elected by the electoral college, not directly by the voters. The number of electoral college members in each state, that is, the number of elector, is equal to the number of federal government members in each state. Together with three electoral votes from Washington, D.C., there are 538 votes nationwide. When a candidate wins 270 or more votes, the victory can be sealed.

The elected electors swear to vote for the winning presidential candidate in the state when voting in the electoral college, so the election results can usually be calculated according to the election results of each state on the polling day.

When voting in each state, the "winner-take-all" rule is implemented in most regions, and the presidential candidate who wins the majority of voters in the state will get all the electoral votes in the state.

Maine and Nebraska allow electoral votes to be divided. In Maine, the winner of the state won two of the four votes, and the other two votes fell into the pockets of the election winner in the House of Representatives constituency. Similarly, the winner of Nebraska won two of the five votes, and the other three votes were won by the winners of each house of representatives constituency.

California has the most electoral votes, up to 55, Texas has 38, New York has 29, while Delaware, Wyoming and Alaska have only three each.

In the American election, sometimes the location of the votes is more important than the number of votes. The voting results in most states are always consistent. For example, New York and California are loyal supporters of the Democratic Party, while Kentucky and Tennessee are safe voting warehouses for the Republican Party. Florida, Pennsylvania, North Carolina, Arizona and other swing states full of uncertainties are the main battlefields that determine whether a candidate can be finally elected.

In the latest poll results, Arizona’s 11 votes, North Carolina’s 15 votes and Maine’s 4 votes are more inclined to Democratic candidate Biden, Georgia’s 16 votes are slightly inclined to Trump, and Florida’s two candidates’ polls are less than one percentage point, and it is still unclear who will end up spending.

Although the rise of domestic new energy sources has made the competition in the family car market more and more fierce, as a brand that has been haunting the family car market in China for many years, it still captures a group of loyal fans with its good influence. For those wandering friends, the public is attracted by terminal concessions. Recently, some friends asked about the current market, and we also went to the 4S shop to experience and inquire about it.

The model we actually shot is a popular configuration at present: Sagitar 2023 300TSI DSG Excellent Edition. The car belongs to the high allocation, and the official guide price is 172,900, which belongs to a rich configuration.

In terms of styling, sagitar has created a well-behaved image of a family car. The front air intake grille presents a penetrating effect, and the internal spokes are also designed horizontally, which looks quite exquisite. At the same time, its lower grille also presents a penetrating outline, which enhances the layering of the front of the car.

In terms of body contour and tail contour, it uses an angular processing method, especially the taillight group is very stereoscopic and has a good visual effect. This design is not a personality, but it is an acceptable type for users of most ages.

The interior adopts a wrap-around design, and there are more through designs on the center console, which also enhances the layering. At the same time, many mechanical buttons are reserved in the central control area, which is also convenient to operate. The instrument and central control part are 10.25 inches and 12 inches, respectively. At the same time, it is equipped with the functions of car networking and voice interaction. In the actual experience process, the fluency of the system is average, and the menu switching efficiency needs to be improved.

In terms of configuration, this car is equipped with L2 driver assistance function, which can realize full-speed adaptive cruise, lane keeping and active braking. At the same time, it is also equipped with cruise control, steering wheel heating, inductive tailgate, wireless charging of mobile phone, front electric seat, ambient light, rain-sensing wiper and dual-zone automatic air conditioning, etc. The overall performance is not bad.

Other configurations, such as front seat heating, ventilation and automatic parking, are optional.

Its seat is made of imitation leather fabric, which has excellent wrapping and filling effect and is very comfortable after sitting down. At the same time, its main driver’s seat supports lumbar adjustment and the co-pilot’s seat supports it. In terms of size, sagitar has a length, width and height of 4791x1801x1465mm and a wheelbase of 2731mm, which is not bad compared with ordinary compact cars.

On the power level, this car is equipped with 1.5T, with a maximum power of 160 HP and 250. It needs to be filled with No.95 gasoline and matched with 7th gear. The official acceleration of 100 kilometers is 8.8 seconds, and the comprehensive fuel consumption of WLTC is 5.77L/100km.

In terms of chassis, sagitar adopts the combination of pre-McPherson+rear. After actually driving, you can feel the sagitar solid chassis, and the training takes into account comfort and toughness. Turning and turning are very flexible, which is an easy-to-use type. At the same time, after the vehicle speeds up, the chassis also shows a good sense of heaviness, giving people a fairly stable feeling.

Regarding the price, the discount of sagitar terminal is still relatively large at present. Take the 2023 300TSI DSG Premium Edition as an example, the regional dealers say that the discount for the full car purchase is around 38,000 yuan, and if the vehicle is replaced, a subsidy of 4,000 yuan will be provided, so the actual landing price of this car can be less than 150,000 yuan.

Summary:

The so-called best-selling products in the field of cars do have many places worthy of recognition. At present, the preferential strength given by the car in the terminal market is still relatively large, which can be considered. Of course, if the budget is limited, personal suggestions can look at the Beyond Edition more. According to the current market, the landing price of the Beyond Edition is around 130,000, which also has a good cost performance.