The reform of college entrance examination has given birth to high school career education, and there are still many difficulties to be solved urgently.

　　"Today, the school organized the second year of high school to carry out professional experience activities, and our class came to China Youth Newspaper. Different from the imagination, there are many young people in the newspaper, and the office is full of vitality and youth … …”

　　On May 8th, nearly 80 senior two students from the middle school affiliated to Beijing Jiaotong University came to China Youth Newspaper to carry out career experience activities. After the activity, Zhou Xinyou of Class 2, Senior Two wrote down her feelings.

　　Once upon a time, many high school students only "stimulated" their career planning for the future when they filled in their volunteers for the college entrance examination. However, due to the lack of understanding, many candidates "rely entirely on Mongolia" when volunteering for the college entrance examination, and even choose which professional name is good.

　　This kind of "ignorant" day for the future will become history. At present, 14 provinces have entered the pilot of comprehensive reform of college entrance examination. These pilot provinces, which carried out the comprehensive reform of college entrance examination, "forced" students to choose and plan their future academic interests and career development from the time they entered high school; There are also schools that are "forced" to carry out reforms — — They should undertake the relevant educational responsibilities of career planning for senior high school students.

　　The reporter of China Youth Daily and China Youth Network learned in the interview that at present, although many schools have realized the importance of students’ career planning and have carried out relevant education, the career planning education of high school students is far from ideal and still faces many difficulties to be broken through.

　　"Career planning education should be earlier and more practical."

　　"I just caught up with the college entrance examination reform." Beijing student Zhang Can (a pseudonym) said.

　　Beijing is the second batch of provinces to enter the pilot reform of college entrance examination, and it has been implemented since the first year of high school in 2017, when Zhang Can was promoted to the first year of high school.

　　"After I went to high school, the school had education in career planning. Our school adopts ‘ One-to-one ’ The way of talking, I feel that it has played a calming role psychologically. " Zhang Can said.

　　The reporter learned in the interview that many high school students think that career planning education is really useful. Entering senior one, a new period of study and more difficult knowledge are inherently challenging for children. Coupled with the "new college entrance examination" factor, "everyone is quite confused. Career education has given us a down-to-earth feeling and made us think more clearly about the future development. Some small psychological problems have also been channeled together. " Zhang Can said.

　　"I think career education should be carried out earlier." Wang Xinran (a pseudonym), a senior three student in Jiangsu, said.

　　There are quite a few students who share similar views with Wang Xinran.

　　"I don’t think career education can begin in high school, and children should be given at least one ‘ What do I want to do in the future ’ The general direction of guidance. " Like Zhang Can, Li Haihe (not his real name) caught up with Beijing’s "New College Entrance Examination", and Li Haihe felt that career education should not only be aimed at students, but also parents should receive this education.

　　Unlike many students’ ignorance of the future, Li Haihe wanted to be a doctor when he was very young, so he wanted to choose subjects in this direction after he entered high school. However, the career planning test conducted by the school shows that his thinking characteristics are more suitable for theoretical research.

　　After the teacher advised the parents, Li Haihe also weighed it for a while, still unwilling to give up the ambition he had set since he was a child. In order to study medicine, he discussed and argued with his parents for two years. "If parents take this course, they will at least consider it from their children’s interests, and the chances of respecting their choices will be greater."

　　However, some students feel that career planning education is of little help to them.

　　Guangdong student Lin Jianxiang (a pseudonym) said that the school’s career education didn’t leave much impression on him. The school’s career planning education is arranged in the third year of senior high school. The school organizes the whole grade students to attend the lecture in the auditorium. "The content of the lecture is very theoretical and general, and our schoolwork is very tense, so few people listen carefully." Lin Jianxiang said that in order to be of practical help to students, the teaching content should be closer to the reality of students, and you can’t just search for some test questions or articles on the Internet.

　　"A lot of content in career education can easily become the kind of talk about success or big talk, which is somewhat formalistic." Zhang Can said.

　　The realistic dilemma of shortage of teachers, practice base and funds

　　Some high school students feel that the current career course is still unsatisfactory, but there is a reason.

　　In the interview, the reporter found that many places where the comprehensive reform of college entrance examination is being carried out are provinces with higher education level and richer educational resources. However, even in these places, schools still face many practical difficulties in carrying out career planning education.

　　Take the middle school affiliated to Beijing Jiaotong University as an example, the career planning course is a very "serious" course in this school — — Not only was it put into the curriculum, but it also developed its own school-based curriculum.

　　Xu Xinyan, vice president of teaching at the North Campus of the Middle School affiliated to Beijing Jiaotong University, said that the school has set up a compulsory course of career education since the first year of high school, with one session per week for a total of one and a half semesters; In the second year of high school, the school will also organize students to enter the society, enter the workplace and have professional experience.

　　The situation of the middle school affiliated to Beijing Jiaotong University envies many schools. Because, compared with many schools, the teachers of career planning course in Beijing Jiao Tong High School can be described as "abundant" — — There are three teachers, including two psychological teachers and a part-time teacher.

　　Even so, "the school’s psychological teachers should not only undertake mental health classes in junior high school, but also undertake career classes in senior high school, and at the same time, they should also bear the daily psychological counseling and consultation of students, and the manpower is obviously insufficient." Xu Xinyan said.

　　For most schools, the lack of teachers for career planning courses is a common phenomenon.

　　As early as 2010, the Outline of the National Medium-and Long-Term Education Reform and Development Plan (2010-2020) mentioned that it is necessary to establish a guidance system for students’ development and strengthen guidance for students’ ideals, psychology and studies. The 14 provinces that have entered the comprehensive reform of college entrance examination have also formulated guidance opinions on students’ development in their own provinces, established guidance centers for students’ development, and defined guidance institutions.

　　In 2019, the "Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Reform of Educational Methods in Ordinary Senior High Schools in the New Era" issued by the General Office of the State Council once again made it clear that all localities should formulate guiding opinions on student development, guide schools to establish a guiding system for student development, and strengthen the training of instructors. Ordinary senior high schools should clarify the guidance institutions, establish a team of full-time and part-time guidance teachers, and guide students through the infiltration of subject teaching, offering guidance courses, holding special lectures, and developing professional experience.

　　However, the ideal is full and the reality is skinny.

　　"Top teachers from other disciplines" is one of the ways to solve the shortage of career education teachers in many schools.

　　"Our school implements the tutorial system, and tutors also have to undertake part of the responsibilities of career education, but tutors are professional teachers. They are most familiar with the teacher industry and don’t know much about other industries." Han Shaoguo, executive vice president of the North Campus of the Middle School affiliated to Beijing Jiaotong University, said.

　　Many experts pointed out that career planning guidance is very professional and needs rich social experience, which can not be undertaken by any teacher.

　　In order to solve this problem, many schools have developed resources for parents. To some extent, this can not only make up for the shortage of school teachers, but also make up for the lack of social experience of school teachers.

　　However, a high school teacher in Fengtai District, Beijing said that the biggest defect of parents’ resources is "instability". "This year’s parents have a rich occupational distribution, so they can introduce more to their students, and the next session may be gone, and some parents only share their children’s classes." The teacher said.

　　There are also some schools that buy third-party services to solve this problem. And to buy services, you must have financial support.

　　"In the first two years, there was special financial support. We asked professional career planning companies to do professional scale measurements for students and organize students to go to the corresponding units for practical activities." A high school principal in Haidian District, Beijing said, "However, this special fund has disappeared in the past two years."

　　Nevertheless, the headmaster said that no matter how to save money, there must be some expenditure in career planning. Take professional scale measurement as an example. Every student has at least 100 yuan, and the school can only "squeeze out" money as much as possible, but it still has to cut off some measurement contents.

　　When the funds can’t keep up, it is the practice that is most likely to be "cut". Many interviewees told reporters that their school’s career education was spent in "listening to several lectures" and "doing several test questions".

　　Fang Lihui (a pseudonym), a senior three student from Jiangsu Province, remembers that she also had a career planning class from high school, but it was put together with the psychology class. The school also requires students to have professional experience, but the time is limited to winter and summer vacations, and they are looking for their own units, usually about 3 days.

　　"Some students went to the supermarket to distribute goods, some found a production workshop, and some organized groups to go to large enterprises." Li Lihui said that he felt that his professional experience was the most comfortable. "In those three days, I sat in my dad’s office, drank water, played with my mobile phone, chatted with my uncles and aunts, and then took some photos and asked my colleagues in my dad’s unit to write an evaluation and stamp it."

　　Even the professional experience of school collective organization, the effect is not satisfactory. A principal introduced that many units are more willing to accept college students’ practical activities than middle school students. "Because many units can promote themselves through such opportunities and attract more outstanding graduates to choose employment, it is difficult for middle school students to have a real professional experience when they come to such units, that is, to take a cursory look."

　　"We especially hope that the competent authorities can establish some professional experience bases like military training and provide more professional and standardized student career planning services." Xu Xinyan said.

　　We should get rid of the concept of "putting scores first"

　　Many senior high school students’ career education faces the embarrassment of "it’s important to talk about it, but don’t be busy". The reason for the embarrassment is mainly the concept.

　　"The school didn’t really guide the students." Tang Jiangpeng, president of Xishan High School in Jiangsu Province, said in an interview with the reporter of Zhongqing Daily and Zhongqing.com.

　　Although the reform of the college entrance examination has been going on for several years, the evaluation system of measuring schools by the scores of candidates and the enrollment rate still exists. Therefore, many schools still put scores first when giving guidance to students, rather than students’ interests and ambitions. "Which combination can get high scores and which combination can avoid strong opponents, use which method," said Tang Jiangpeng. It is far from the schools and teachers who help students choose subjects by means of "Tian Ji Horse Racing".

　　When career planning meets the desire to get high marks in the college entrance examination, planning is often abandoned.

　　When Jia Jinxuan (pseudonym) from Zhejiang was in high school, she also received education related to career planning. "But the final goal of most people is to go to a good school, so it is difficult to consider the factors of career planning when choosing a subject, but ‘ What will help me get a higher score and go to a better school ’ What subjects will we choose? Although university majors will have certain restrictions on our choice of subjects, there are too many volunteers and too many uncertainties at that time. In the end, no matter what career plans we have, we will see which one can get high marks. "

　　In addition, the career planning education for students in many schools is still too traditional.

　　With the development of society, more and more emerging industries have emerged. "My future career plan is to become a online celebrity." Zhao Han (pseudonym), a senior one student in Beijing, said, but this idea has never been seriously discussed with her parents or communicated with her teacher. "I know that for them, this is a ‘ Not serious ’ The idea is useless. "

　　Some experts pointed out that it should be emphasized that all today’s choices are temporary and can be adjusted with further study in the future.

　　In fact, the expert’s words are only half right. What should be adjusted and changed is the education itself. Education does not have to cater to every novel idea of high school students, but at least it should be close enough to them. Only in this way can we better guide them.

　　Many schools have made valuable attempts.

　　"What we set up is ‘ Experiential ’ The course is to present students with various majors or industries ‘ Typical lifestyle ’ 。” Tang Jiangpeng said that doing so at least "makes a little sense" when students choose courses. For example, the school started the course of "News and Interview". "This course is either about knowledge, or about letting students really participate in the compilation of school journals and the production of media, so that students can experience whether they like this kind of life in real practice." (Zhongqing Daily, Zhongqing Net reporter Fan Weichen, intern Zhang Hanqiong)