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On the issuance of "Pudong New Area hangtou Financial Investment Construction Project"

Notice of the Administrative Measures (Revised Edition)

　

There are departments in the organ, which belong to institutions, non-permanent institutions and companies, Hesha Hangcheng community, Xiasha community and Hangnan community, and village (neighborhood) committees:

The Measures for the Administration of Financial Investment Construction Projects in hangtou, Pudong New Area (Revised Edition) are hereby printed and distributed to you, please follow them carefully.

I hereby inform you.

　

　

　

Hangtou People’s Government of Pudong New Area

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　202fouryearfourmoononesun

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

Measures for the Administration of Financial Investment Construction Projects in hangtou, Pudong New Area

(revised edition)

　

chapter one　general rules

the first　In order to further strengthen the management of hangtou municipal government’s financial investment construction funds, standardize the project construction procedures, use the government’s financial construction funds more reasonably and effectively, and improve the investment efficiency,According to the "People’s Republic of China (PRC) Bidding Law", "People’s Republic of China (PRC) Government Procurement Law" and "About Forwarding〈Notice of the Ministry of Finance on Opening the Intention of Government Procurement〉Notice of Shanghai Municipality on the Management of Bidding for Construction Projects, Notice on Strengthening the Supervision of Bidding for Construction Projects in Pudong New Area, Several Opinions on Strengthening the Management of Bidding for Construction Projects in Pudong New Area, Notice on Adjusting Several Opinions on Strengthening the Management of Bidding for Construction Projects in Pudong New Area, and Notice on Further Standardizing Matters Related to the Disclosure of Government Procurement Information in this Municipality"About printing and distributing〈Interim Measures for the Fund Management of District-level Government Investment Projects in Pudong New Area〉Notice "Other laws, regulations and industry norms., combined with the actual situation in hangtou, these measures are formulated.

the second　These Measures are applicable to the construction, maintenance and renovation of municipal, greening, social welfare, culture and education, administrative facilities, community facilities and other engineering and engineering services (bidding agency, design, survey, supervision, etc.) implemented in full or in part with the financial resources of the town government.

The town government’s financial construction funds include the construction funds inside and outside the town’s financial budget, the superior subsidy funds and other government construction funds.

chapter two Division of responsibilities

Article　Entrusted by the project management leading group, hangtou Project Management Office (hereinafter referred to as Project Office) is fully responsible for the management of engineering construction projects, including summarizing the annual construction plan, declaring project procurement, implementing and managing construction funds, and organizing scheme design, project approval, bidding, project promotion, process investment control and project acceptance.

The town party and government office (audit) is responsible for the financial pre-examination, project price evaluation and financial settlement audit of the project.

Town Town Construction Management Center (hereinafter referred to as Urban Construction Center) shall assist the Project Office in project implementation and promotion.

The Finance Department is responsible for the implementation of project funds and the audit of purchase numbers.

Planning and construction office(Tuguanban)Responsible for issuing audit opinions on the nature of land involved in special construction projects.

The functional departments of each line of the town government are responsible for connecting the superior departments, proposing the annual construction project demand, compiling the project financial budget, and participating in the project scheme design demonstration, project promotion and project acceptance.

chapter three　　project management

Article 4　Project reserve.Implement the project reserve mechanism. follow“Concentrate limited financial resources, strengthen the comprehensive balance, orderly rush first and then slow down, ensure key investment, ensure the completion and continuation of construction, and continue the construction before opening."Principle, all functional departments comprehensively consider the project positioning, service groups, use functions, prepare the construction project reserve plan, and put forward the construction demand. every year10Month, draw up the project reserve plan, report to the project office for summary, and form the project reserve (Annexone）。

The community construction project plan is coordinated by the town community construction office, the village committee construction project plan is coordinated by the town planning and construction office, and the company construction project plan is coordinated by the Economic Development Center.

Article 5　Budget preparation and plan release.According to the opinions of various functional departments, combined with the arrangement and amount of construction funds and the policy of higher subsidies, the project office selects some projects from the reserve and prepares the draft construction plan and budget plan for the next year. After the draft plan is reviewed and approved by the mayor’s office and the party committee, the project office will report the annual construction project plan to various functional departments and finance offices, and each functional department will declare the purchase number, and then the finance office will review and report it to obtain the purchase number.

Article 6　Project addition.After the annual construction project plan is determined, it is generally not added except for sudden emergency projects, special over-budget projects and new construction projects that really need to be added according to the work requirements of the district. For projects that really need to be added, all functional departments shall report them to the Project Office for summary, submit them to the mayor in charge and the mayor for approval, and then implement them according to the project construction process.

Article 7　Preparation of project plan.After the plan is confirmed, the project office will implement the implementation plan and budget prepared by professional units, and consult the opinions of functional departments, territorial units and residents. The investment amount is in100Ten thousand yuan (including) the following project construction plan preparation control in15Within working days,100Ten thousand yuan of construction plan preparation control in30Within working days.

Article 8　　Pre-examination and establishment of the project.After the scheme is determined, the single construction amount is greater than or equal totwentyTen thousand yuan of construction projects, need to organize professional units to pre-audit the project budget.(attachment2). For a single construction amount less thantwentyTen thousand yuan of construction projects, can be implemented in accordance with the program budget.

According to hangtou“Triple and one big"The requirements of the collective decision-making system and the rules of procedure of the mayor’s office meeting, the project investment amount is intwentyTen thousand yuan and above,50Ten thousand yuan, submitted to the mayor’s office for consideration;50Ten thousand yuan and above, the mayor’s office will discuss and pass, and report to the party Committee for deliberation. After it is passed, it will be established.

righttwentyTen thousand yuan of the following construction projects, fill in the small construction project approval form (Annexthree）。

Article 9　Release of purchasing information.After the completion of the project, except for the bulk centralized procurement organized by centralized procurement institutions, in principle, the procurement intention of projects and services within the centralized procurement catalogue implemented by the project or above the procurement limit standard should be made public. The contents include the name of the procurement project, the general situation of procurement demand, the budget amount, the estimated procurement time, etc. In principle, no later than before the start of procurement activities.30Japanese public procurement intention. For procurement projects that need to be carried out urgently due to unforeseen reasons, the procurement intention may not be disclosed.

Article 10　Project bidding and procurement.After the completion of the procurement intention publicity, start the project bidding work (Annexfour）。 Bidding work should strictly abide by the bidding law, the government procurement law and other relevant laws and regulations, follow the principles of openness, fairness and impartiality, and purchase the contracting work of engineering survey, design, supervision and construction, and select the best contractor, and the project contractor should have corresponding qualifications.

Entrust a professional agency to undertake specific bidding matters (responsible for compiling bidding documents and organizing bidding activities)..All relevant personnel involved in bidding activities must be fair and honest, and shall not participate in any activities that violate the fairness of bidding; Confidentiality requirements must be strictly observed, and confidential information in the bidding process shall not be disclosed; Anyone who has a close relationship with a potential supplier or has an interest relationship with a potential supplier should avoid it.

(A) small-scale construction projects

one, scope of implementation:Small-scale construction projects refer to individual projects whose contract price is less than100Ten thousand yuan of construction and engineering services.(Bidding agency, survey, design, supervision, etc.).

2, enterprise selection:

2.1Selection of construction enterprises:

(one) The estimated price of a single contract is less than50Ten thousand yuan:

Combined with the actual situation of the project, the construction enterprises with corresponding qualifications are selected, and can be directly entrusted for implementation after collective discussion and decision by the project management leading group.

(2) The estimated price of a single contract is greater than or equal to.50Ten thousand yuan, less than100Ten thousand yuan:

Competitive consultation and negotiation can be selected to determine the contractor, and the bidding platform is the public service platform for bidding in China.

2.2Selection of engineering service enterprises

(one) into the intermediary market procurement of engineering services:

The design, survey, supervision and price evaluation services of the project belong to the catalogue of intermediary market services in Pudong New Area, and the estimated single contract is less than.100Ten thousand yuan, through the intermediary market to choose the best way to choose suppliers.

(2) Engineering services not included in the procurement of intermediary markets:

For engineering services other than engineering design, survey, supervision and price evaluation, the estimated single contract is less than50Ten thousand yuan, through the collective discussion and decision of the project management leading group, can be directly entrusted to implement. Single contract estimate is greater than or equal to50Ten thousand yuan, less than100Ten thousand yuan,The supplier can be determined by competitive negotiation and competitive negotiation, and the bidding platform is the public bidding service platform of China.

(2) Construction projects above designated size

one, scope of implementation:Construction projects above designated size refer toThe estimated contract price of single project is greater than or equal to.100Ten thousand yuan of construction and engineering services.(Bidding agency, survey, design, supervision, etc.).

2, enterprise selection:The estimated contract price of single project is greater than or equal to.100Ten thousand yuan, less thanfour hundredFor the construction of 10,000 yuan, the contractor can be determined by means of invitation to bid, competitive consultation and competitive negotiation, and the bidding platform is Shanghai government procurement network;The estimated contract price of single project is greater than or equal to.four hundredTen thousand yuan of construction orThe estimated contract price of single project is greater than or equal to.100Ten thousand yuan of engineering services, must be in the city, district level two construction project bidding and trading places in the implementation of public bidding.

(3) Single-source procurement

Single source procurement can be used in the following situations:one, the use of irreplaceable patents, proprietary technology, can only be purchased from a sole supplier;2、Need to entrust a leading academic institution or natural person in this field to carry out research;three、Unable to purchase from other suppliers due to unforeseen emergency;four, must ensure the consistency of the original procurement projects or the requirements of service packages, and need to continue to purchase from the original suppliers, and the total amount of procurement funds does not exceed 10% of the original contract purchase amount;fiveThe procurement project has been implemented in other ways, but the procurement failed;sixOther items that can only be purchased from the sole supplier according to law.. If the single-source procurement method is to be adopted, the estimated single contract is greater than or equal to.100Ten thousand yuan, subject to the approval of the district finance department, publicity in the designated media of the district finance bureau, and the publicity shall be submitted to the finance department; Single contract estimate is less than100Ten thousand yuan, through the town.“Triple and one big"With the approval of collective decision-making, the purchase can be implemented by single-source procurement.

(4) Integrated bidding

It is really necessary to adopt integrated contracting projects, with reference to the Pudong New Area Construction ProjectImplementation of the Integrated Bidding Operation Measures.

Article 11　Sign the contract.After the bidding, discuss the contract details with the winning bidder in time and sign the contract. The contract text should adopt the model contract text recommended by the state or this Municipality. Before the contract is signed, legal review is required, and the main terms of the contract should be consistent with the bidding documents and the bidding documents of the winning bidder. The contract should specify the terms related to investment control, such as settlement standard, design change, visa, settlement principle of market price change of quantity and machine, etc., so as to create conditions for the smooth completion final accounts audit.

After the contract is signed, it shall be submitted to the“Shanghai Construction Market Information Service Platform"Submit relevant contract information.

Article 12　Project implementation and promotion.The Urban Construction Center shall assist the Project Office in comprehensively advancing the project implementation, including project preparation, design disclosure, commencement report, process management, investment control, acceptance of single project, acceptance of partial project, project handover, assessment of contractors, etc., and define the overall project promotion plan, construction scheme, emergency mechanism and project leader.

All contractors shall organize the implementation of the project in accordance with the approved design documents, and shall not change the construction site, scale, standards and construction contents without authorization.In the process of project construction, the relevant regulations such as project legal person system, supervision and supervision system shall be strictly implemented, and the whole process of project implementation shall be well managed to ensure that the quality of project construction is qualified, safe and accident-free, and shall be supervised by the district industry competent department and quality supervision department.

In principle, construction projects are entrusted to project supervision. Engineering supervision should strengthen the monitoring of concealed works, earthwork, greening and relocation, and make construction records; Report all kinds of problems in the process of project construction at the first time, and correct them according to the engineering construction specifications; Have the right to stop work when major problems affecting the safety and quality of the project are found.

Article 13　Design changes and visas.After the project construction drawing and budget are determined, the design and construction scheme shall not be changed at will during the construction. Due to special circumstances such as construction conditions and external factors,In case of any change in the approved planning and design during the construction process, the construction, design and construction unit shall strictly implement the design change procedures. Which does not involve the increase of funds (Annexfive), led by the urban construction center, the relevant units for examination and confirmation before implementation.

In principle, the investment in changing the contents of a construction project shall not exceed the original contract amount. It is really necessary to increase funds(attachmentsix),Urban construction center should be reported to the project office in a timely manner, on-site confirmation, determination of the change plan, and calculation.The impact on the project cost, submit written suggestions. Not exceeding the original contract price10%And no more than50Ten thousand yuan, reported to the mayor’s office for consideration; Increase funds by no more than10%And exceed50Ten thousand yuan, submitted to the mayor’s office after the meeting and then submitted to the party committee for consideration. Due to force majeure factors such as the adjustment of superior policies and major changes in geological conditions, it is really necessary to increase investment beyond the original contract price.10%, reportMayor’s office meeting and party Committee“One thing, one discussion"Study and solve.

For the increased project content and funds, a supplementary agreement shall be signed in time as the settlement basis.

Article 14　Investment control.Investment amount1000For construction projects of over 10,000 yuan or special projects, the investment supervisor is entrusted to organize the implementation of process investment control, focusing on the authenticity of concealed works, earthwork, greening relocation and various visa quantities, and confirming the implementation of the project content beyond the closed comprehensive unit price.

Article 15　Project acceptance.After the completion of the construction project,in timeOrganize the completion acceptance (government acceptance),Put forward suggestions for acceptance and rectification. The urban construction center urged the construction unit to complete the rectification in time. After the rectification is completed, the acceptance team will issue a completion acceptance report (attachmentseven）。

Projects involving district-level subsidy funds shall be accepted by the project office as a legal person.And do a good job in the preparations for the government acceptance of the project in time, and then the functional department will apply to the competent department of the industry for completion acceptance.

Article 16　　Management of engineering archives.In accordance with the requirements of archives acceptance management of engineering construction projects, the Urban Construction Center urges all participating units to do a good job in the management of engineering project archives, and handle the filing procedures of engineering project archives (Annexeight、nine）。

Article 17　　Project handover.After the acceptance by the government, the urban construction center shall handle the transfer formalities in time (Annex10）。 Involving the adjustment or addition of facilities, it should be docked with the maintenance management unit in time.

Article 18　　Assessment of contractors.In order to ensure high-quality construction and high-level management of construction projects and improve the credibility of the government, the construction enterprises and engineering service providers involved in construction projects are assessed.

(one) construction project assessment

Led by the Project Office, with the participation of relevant business departments, urban construction centers and relevant grass-roots units, the fund control, construction management, service quality, coordination and communication of construction enterprises and engineering service providers in the process of project implementation will be assessed, and enterprises involving serious problems will be reported to the district industry authorities as soon as possible.

(2) periodic performance evaluation

By the project office classification randomly selected part of the project (the project coverage rate is not less than the total number of projects25%), entrust a third-party performance evaluation unit to conduct project performance evaluation.

(three) establish a warning mechanism　　　　

In the process of project construction, the poor management of project construction affects the life of surrounding residents, resulting in the contradiction of group letters and visits; Deliberately delaying the construction period (except for force majeure factors) without meeting the schedule requirements during the construction process; Violation of safe and civilized construction in the construction process, failure to implement protective measures and inadequacy; Do not cooperate with relevant units to carry out project management related work. In case of the above situation, the Project Office shall give a written warning to the relevant enterprises, and the relevant construction units shall submit a written rectification report.In the future, it is necessary to upgrade the construction supervision of the construction projects involved by the relevant construction units and strictly control the payment of the project funds.

chapter four 　Project settlement control and project payment

Article 19　Project settlement control.After the completion of the project, the construction unit shall submit the project settlement to the project office in time, and the project completion settlement submitted for review, after deducting the price adjustment due to the rising construction market price, exceeds the project construction contract (including supplementary contract).10%The above will not be accepted.

Article 20　Project evaluation and financial final accounts audit.After the completion of the settlement, select the audit unit to audit the project settlement and financial expenditure (Annex11), in accordance with the relevant provisions of government procurement. All construction projects that incur Class II expenses should be audited financially, and the project investment should be adjusted and liquidated according to the financial audit report.

During the construction period, due to reasons other than the construction unit, the price increase of materials is beyond the allowable range, and at the time of settlement, the price difference of materials can be adjusted according to relevant regulations. The increased investment due to price increase is not used as the charging base for calculating other expenses.

Article 21　Payment of project funds.Payment of project funds and Class II expenses shall follow the principle of installment payment according to the progress of the project. The advance payment ratio of the project, and the municipal project is the contract amount.10%; Construction and other projects for the contract amount20%. Before the end of the project evaluation, the project progress payment does not exceed the contract amount60%. After the appraisal unit issues the appraisal report, the project payment can be paid to the approved amount.ninety-seven percentThe remaining funds will be used as the project quality deposit, and all the project funds will be settled after the expiration of the project quality guarantee period. If there is any problem with the project quality, it will be handled according to the project quality guarantee terms. The advance payment for Class II expenses does not exceed the contract price.thirty percentAfter the completion of the task, the payment shall not exceed the contract price.80%. After the audit unit issues the audit report, the second-class expenses can be settled according to the audit report.

sequencefivechapter 　Financial management and accounting

Article 22　Financial management.The project payment is approved by paper approval form, and the approval form should have the basic elements such as the name of the payment item, the full name of the payee, the payment content, the budget amount, the contract amount, the paid amount, and the fund allocation channel.

Article 23　Accounting.In principle, the government accounting system shall be implemented in the accounting of construction projects. On the premise of meeting the needs of daily financial management, accounting can also be simplified, and bookkeeping can be made directly under the detailed subjects of construction projects, and relevant ledgers can be established at the same time to facilitate reconciliation and liquidation.

Article 24　　Fixed assets registration.Fixed assets (such as houses and structures), municipal infrastructure (such as urban roads, bridges, bus stations, street lamps, squares, parks and green spaces, outdoor public fitness equipment, and sanitation facilities, etc.), transportation infrastructure (such as roads), water conservancy infrastructure (such as sluices, pumping stations, channels, revetment, etc.) and other public infrastructure, and intangible assets formed after the construction project is audited.trademark right, etc.) and other assets, submitted by the project office "hangtou capital construction project delivery assets audit application form" (annextwelve) to the financial department and asset management department, to carry out financial registration and asset management of fixed assets and public infrastructure.

sequencesixchapter any other business

Article 25　　For the projects that are really implemented due to unexpected events, serious natural disasters and other force majeure events, after discussion and research by the mayor’s office and the town party Committee, they shall be implemented with reference to the "Operating Measures for the Management of Emergency Rescue and Disaster Relief Projects in Pudong New Area".

Article 26　　For all or part of the use of district financial funds construction projects, with reference to the management requirements of district departments.

Article 27　　The construction projects of collective funds directly under the town companies and village collectives responsible for the management and operation shall be implemented with reference to these measures after corresponding decision-making procedures.

Article 28　　In case of policy conflict or adjustment, it shall be implemented in accordance with the superior documents.　

Article 29　　These Measures shall come into force as of the date of issuance.

　

attachmentone.Summary Table of Reserve Plan of hangtou Financial Investment Construction Project

2.Financial Pre-examination Entrustment Sheet for Construction Project

3.Small construction project approval form

4.Hangtou Financial Investment Construction Project Bidding Approval Transfer Sheet

5.Hangtou Financial Investment Construction Project Design Change Order

6.Application Form for Investment Adjustment of hangtou Financial Investment Construction Project

7.Hangtou financial investment construction project completion acceptance application form.

8.Catalogue of Archived Materials for Financial Investment Construction Projects in hangtou

9.Hangtou financial investment construction project file transfer form

10.Hangtou Public Facilities Maintenance Site Handover Confirmation Sheet

11.Entrustment Sheet for Audit of Price Appraisal and Financial Settlement of Construction Project

12.Hangtou capital construction projects such as delivery of assets audit application form.

　

　

　

　

　　CCTV News:According to the website of the National Bureau of Statistics, in the first half of the year, China’s economy continued to recover steadily, production demand continued to pick up, employment prices were generally stable, new kinetic energy grew rapidly, quality and efficiency improved steadily, market players expected to improve, main macro indicators were in a reasonable range, and economic development showed a good trend of stability, reinforcement and stability.

　　According to preliminary accounting, the GDP in the first half of the year was 53,216.7 billion yuan, up 12.7% year-on-year at comparable prices, down 5.6 percentage points from the first quarter. The average growth rate in two years was 5.3%, and the average growth rate in two years was 0.3 percentage points faster than that in the first quarter. Quarterly, the first quarter increased by 18.3% year-on-year, with an average growth of 5.0% in two years; It increased by 7.9% in the second quarter and 5.5% on average in two years. In terms of industries, the added value of the primary industry in the first half of the year was 2,840.2 billion yuan, up 7.8% year-on-year, with an average growth of 4.3% in two years; The added value of the secondary industry was 20,715.4 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 14.8%, with an average increase of 6.1% in two years; The added value of the tertiary industry was 29,661.1 billion yuan, up 11.8% year-on-year, with an average growth of 4.9% in two years. From the ring comparison, the GDP in the second quarter increased by 1.3%.

　　First, the summer grain was harvested again, and animal husbandry production grew steadily.

　　In the first half of the year, the added value of agriculture (planting) increased by 3.6% year-on-year, and the growth rate was 0.3 percentage points faster than that in the first quarter; Average growth of 3.7% in two years. Among them, the growth in the second quarter was 3.7%, 0.4 percentage points faster than that in the first quarter. The total output of summer grain in China was 145.82 million tons (291.6 billion Jin), an increase of 2.967 million tons (5.93 billion Jin) or 2.1% over the previous year. The agricultural planting structure has been continuously optimized, and the planting area of cash crops such as rapeseed has increased. In the first half of the year, the output of pork, cattle, sheep and poultry was 42.91 million tons, up by 23.0% over the same period of last year, of which the output of pork increased by 35.9%. Milk production increased by 7.6% year-on-year, while poultry and eggs production decreased by 4.1%. At the end of the second quarter, the number of live pigs was 439.11 million, a year-on-year increase of 29.2%; Among them, there are 45.64 million sows that can breed, an increase of 25.7%.

　　II. Steady growth of industrial production and rapid growth of high-tech manufacturing.

　　In the first half of the year, the added value of industrial enterprises above designated size increased by 15.9% year-on-year, with an average growth rate of 7.0% in two years, 0.2 percentage points faster than that in the first quarter; Among them, the second quarter increased by 8.9% year-on-year. In June, the added value of industrial enterprises above designated size increased by 8.3% year-on-year, with an average increase of 6.5% in two years; The chain increased by 0.56%. In terms of three categories, the added value of the mining industry increased by 6.2% in the first half of the year, with an average increase of 2.5% in two years; The manufacturing industry grew by 17.1%, with an average growth rate of 7.5% in two years; Electricity, heat, gas and water production and supply industries grew by 13.4%, with an average growth of 6.0% in two years. The added value of high-tech manufacturing industry increased by 22.6% year-on-year, with an average increase of 13.2% in two years. In terms of products, the output of new energy vehicles, industrial robots and integrated circuits increased by 205.0%, 69.8% and 48.1% respectively year-on-year, and the average growth rate in both years exceeded 30%. In terms of economic types, the added value of state-owned holding enterprises increased by 11.9% year-on-year; Joint-stock enterprises increased by 15.8% year-on-year, and foreign-invested enterprises from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan increased by 17.0% year-on-year; Private enterprises increased by 18.3% year on year. In June, the purchasing managers’ index of China manufacturing industry was 50.9%, which was higher than the critical point for 16 consecutive months. The expected index of enterprise’s production and operation activities is 57.9%.

　　From January to May, the total profits of industrial enterprises above designated size nationwide reached 3,424.7 billion yuan, up 83.4% year-on-year, with an average increase of 21.7% in two years. The profit rate of operating income of industrial enterprises above designated size is 7.11%, which is 2.05 percentage points higher than that of January-May 2020.

　　Third, the service industry recovered steadily and the market expectation continued to improve.

　　In the first half of the year, the tertiary industry continued to recover steadily. In the second quarter, the added value of the tertiary industry increased by 8.3% year-on-year, with an average growth of 5.1% in two years; The growth rate in the first quarter was 15.6% year-on-year, with an average growth rate of 4.7% in two years. In terms of industries, the added value of transportation, warehousing and postal services, information transmission, software and information technology services increased by 21.0% and 20.3% respectively in the first half of the year, with an average increase of 6.9% and 17.3% respectively in the two years. In June, the national service industry production index increased by 10.9% year-on-year, with an average growth of 6.5% in two years. From January to May, the operating income of service enterprises above designated size increased by 31.9% year-on-year, with an average increase of 11.1% in two years, 0.2 percentage points higher than that in January-April.

　　In June, the business activity index of service industry was 52.3%, which was higher than the critical point for 16 consecutive months. From the industry situation, the business activity indexes of postal express, telecommunications, radio and television, satellite transmission services, internet software and information technology services, which are closely related to online consumption, are all in the higher boom range of more than 57.0%; Monetary and financial services and insurance are all located in the high-level boom zone above 60.0%. From the market expectation, the expected index of business activities is 60.4%, which continues to remain at a high level.

　　Four, the market sales gradually improved, and the consumption of upgraded goods increased rapidly.

　　In the first half of the year, the total retail sales of social consumer goods was 21,190.4 billion yuan, up 23.0% year-on-year, with an average growth of 4.4% in two years, 0.2 percentage points faster than that in the first quarter; Among them, the growth rate in the second quarter was 13.9% year-on-year, with an average growth rate of 4.6% in two years. In June, the total retail sales of social consumer goods was 3,758.6 billion yuan, up 12.1% year-on-year, with an average growth of 4.9% in two years. The chain increased by 0.70%. In the first half of the year, according to the location of business units, the retail sales of urban consumer goods was 18,409.8 billion yuan, up 23.3% year-on-year, with an average growth of 4.4% in two years; The retail sales of rural consumer goods reached 2,780.7 billion yuan, up 21.4% year-on-year, with an average growth of 4.0% in two years. By consumption type, the retail sales of commodities reached 19,019.2 billion yuan, up 20.6% year-on-year, with an average growth of 4.9% in two years. The catering revenue was 2,171.2 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 48.6%, and the scale was basically the same as that in the first half of 2019. By commodity category, the year-on-year growth rate of 18 commodity categories of units above designated size all exceeded 10%, of which more than 70% commodity categories grew at a year-on-year rate of more than 20%. From the two-year average growth rate, except for petroleum commodities, the retail sales of other commodity categories are all positive growth, among which the average growth rate of retail sales of nine categories of commodities such as sports and entertainment products, communication equipment, cosmetics and cultural office supplies exceeds 10% in two years. The national online retail sales reached 6,113.3 billion yuan, up 23.2% year-on-year, with an average growth of 15.0% in two years, 1.5 percentage points faster than that in the first quarter. Among them,The online retail sales of physical goods reached 5,026.3 billion yuan, an increase of 18.7%, with an average increase of 16.5% in two years, 1.1 percentage points faster than that in the first quarter; The online retail sales of physical goods accounted for 23.7% of the total retail sales of consumer goods, an increase of 1.8 percentage points over the first quarter.

　　5. Fixed assets investment continued to recover, and the average growth rate of manufacturing investment accelerated in two years.

　　In the first half of the year, China’s fixed assets investment (excluding farmers) was 25.59 trillion yuan, up 12.6% year-on-year, and 0.35% month-on-month in June. The average growth rate in two years was 4.4%, 1.5 percentage points faster than that in the first quarter. In terms of fields, infrastructure investment in the first half of the year increased by 7.8% year-on-year, with an average increase of 2.4% in two years, slightly lower than that in January-May; Manufacturing investment increased by 19.2% year-on-year, with an average growth of 2.0% in two years, 1.4 percentage points faster than that in January-May; Investment in real estate development increased by 15.0% year-on-year, with an average increase of 8.2% in two years, slightly lower than that in January-May. The national commercial housing sales area was 886.35 million square meters, up 27.7% year-on-year, with an average growth of 8.1% in two years. The sales of commercial housing was 9,293.1 billion yuan, up 38.9% year-on-year, with an average growth of 14.7% in two years. In terms of industries, investment in the primary industry increased by 21.3% year-on-year, with an average increase of 13.2% in two years; Investment in the secondary industry increased by 16.3% year-on-year, with an average increase of 2.9% in two years; Investment in the tertiary industry increased by 10.7% year-on-year, with an average increase of 4.8% in two years. Private investment increased by 15.4% year-on-year, with an average growth of 3.8% in two years. Investment in high-tech industries increased by 23.5% year-on-year, with an average increase of 14.6% in two years; Among them, the investment in high-tech manufacturing industry and high-tech service industry increased by 29.7% and 12.0% respectively, with an average increase of 17.1% and 9.5% respectively in two years. In the high-tech manufacturing industry,Investment in computer and office equipment manufacturing, medical equipment and instrumentation manufacturing increased by 47.5% and 34.2% respectively, with an average increase of 26.3% and 18.7% respectively in two years. Among the high-tech service industries, the investment in e-commerce service industry and R&D and design service industry increased by 32.9% and 28.4% respectively, with an average increase of 32.5% and 15.9% respectively in two years. Investment in social fields increased by 16.4% year-on-year, with an average increase of 10.7% in two years; Among them, health investment and education investment increased by 35.5% and 14.2% respectively, with an average increase of 24.9% and 12.5% respectively in two years.

　　6. The import and export of goods grew rapidly and the trade structure continued to be optimized.

　　In the first half of the year, the total import and export volume of goods was 18,065.1 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 27.1%. Among them, exports were 9,849.3 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 28.1%; Imports were 8,215.7 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 25.9%; Import and export balance, with a trade surplus of 1,633.6 billion yuan. The trade structure continued to be optimized. In the first half of the year, the export of mechanical and electrical products accounted for 59.2% of the total export, an increase of 0.6 percentage points over the same period of last year. The import and export of general trade accounted for 61.9% of the total import and export, an increase of 1.7 percentage points over the same period of last year. The import and export of private enterprises accounted for 47.8% of the total import and export, an increase of 2.8 percentage points over the same period of last year. In June, the total import and export volume was 3,291.6 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 22.0%. Among them, exports were 1,812.2 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 20.2%; Imports reached 1,479.4 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 24.2%.

　　Seven, consumer prices rose moderately, the factory price of industrial producers is still at a high level.

　　In the first half of the year, the national consumer price (CPI) rose by 0.5% year-on-year, and remained flat in the first quarter. Among them, in June, the national consumer price rose by 1.1% year-on-year, which was 0.2 percentage points lower than that in May. It decreased by 0.4% from the previous month. In the first half of the year, the consumer price of urban residents rose by 0.6%, while that of rural residents rose by 0.4%. By category, the prices of food, tobacco and alcohol rose by 0.4% year-on-year, the prices of clothing were flat, the prices of housing, daily necessities and services rose by 0.2%, the prices of transportation and communication rose by 1.9%, the prices of education, culture and entertainment rose by 0.9%, the prices of medical care rose by 0.3%, and the prices of other supplies and services fell by 1.1%. Among the food, tobacco and alcohol prices, pork prices dropped by 19.3%, grain prices rose by 1.2%, fresh fruit prices rose by 2.6%, and fresh vegetables prices rose by 3.2%. After deducting food and energy prices, the core CPI rose by 0.4%, which was flat in the first quarter.

　　In the first half of the year, the ex-factory price of industrial producers nationwide rose by 5.1% year-on-year, an increase of 3.0 percentage points over the first quarter; Among them, June increased by 8.8% year-on-year, and the growth rate dropped by 0.2 percentage points compared with May. In the first half of the year, the purchase price of industrial producers nationwide rose by 7.1% year-on-year, an increase of 4.3 percentage points over the first quarter; Among them, June rose by 13.1% year-on-year and 0.8% quarter-on-quarter.

　　Eight, the urban survey unemployment rate was the same as last month, and the employment situation was generally stable.

　　In the first half of the year, 6.98 million new jobs were created in cities and towns nationwide, achieving 63.5% of the annual target. In June, the national urban survey unemployment rate was 5.0%, which was the same as that in May and decreased by 0.7 percentage points over the same period of last year. The survey unemployment rate of local registered population is 5.0%, and that of foreign registered population is 5.1%. The survey unemployment rates of the population aged 16-24 and 25-59 are 15.4% and 4.2% respectively. The survey unemployment rate in 31 big cities and towns was 5.2%, which was the same as that in May. The average weekly working hours of employees in enterprises nationwide were 47.6 hours, 0.3 hours more than that in May. At the end of the second quarter, the total number of migrant workers in rural areas was 182.33 million.

　　Nine, the income of residents continued to grow, and the ratio of per capita disposable income of urban and rural residents narrowed.

　　In the first half of the year, the per capita disposable income of the national residents was 17,642 yuan, a nominal increase of 12.6% year-on-year, which was mainly affected by the low base in the first half of last year, with an average increase of 7.4% in two years, 0.4 percentage points faster than that in the first quarter; After deducting the price factor, the real growth rate was 12.0% year-on-year, with an average growth rate of 5.2% in two years, which was slightly lower than the economic growth rate and basically synchronized. According to the place of permanent residence, the per capita disposable income of urban residents was 24,125 yuan, with a nominal increase of 11.4% and a real increase of 10.7%. The per capita disposable income of rural residents was 9,248 yuan, a nominal increase of 14.6% and a real increase of 14.1%. From the source of income, the per capita wage income, net operating income, net property income and net transfer income of the national residents increased by 12.1%, 17.5%, 15.0% and 9.0% respectively. The ratio of per capita income of urban and rural residents was 2.61, which was 0.07 lower than that of the same period of last year. The median per capita disposable income of national residents was 14,897 yuan, an increase of 11.6%.

　　On the whole, the national economy continued to recover steadily in the first half of the year, with stability and reinforcement, and stability and improvement. However, we must also see that the global epidemic continues to evolve and there are many external unstable and uncertain factors; The recovery of domestic economy is uneven, and efforts are still needed to consolidate the foundation of stable recovery and development. In the next step, we should adhere to the guidance of Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the New Era, follow the decision-making arrangements of the Central Economic Work Conference and the government work report, adhere to the general tone of striving for progress while maintaining stability, better coordinate the prevention and control of epidemic situation and economic and social development, continue to deepen the structural reform on the supply side, focus on releasing the potential of domestic demand, vigorously help enterprises to tide over the difficulties, accelerate the reform and opening up, look ahead and make overall adjustments, keep the economic operation in a reasonable range, solidly promote high-quality development, and strive to complete the objectives and tasks of economic and social development throughout the year.

　　For many people, summer begins with a bottle of iced soda and an ice cream. Bingfeng, Nongfu Spring, Yili, Mattel, Zhong Xuegao … … Today’s cold drink market is very lively, with endless new brands and innovative old brands; There are both local ice products and national famous products.

　　With the general trend of consumption upgrading, the cold drink industry has ushered in a new revolution. In this wave, who can be the guardian of consumers’ cool summer? What do people eat when they eat cold drinks nowadays?

　　"online celebrity" appears frequently

　　New and old brands lay out high-end markets.

　　On a hot summer day, Feng Chenxi, a post-90s worker working in Chaoyang District, Beijing, walked into a convenience bee shop next to the company, looking for a cold drink to cool off. However, when he entered the store, he was a little confused, with ice cream, iced drinks and yogurt. After a cursory glance, I was attracted by a "small fresh" package in the freezer. This is a "boiled leaf" ice cream, which was jointly produced by Zhong Xuegao and Wufangzhai. "I didn’t eat zongzi during the Dragon Boat Festival, so just try this!" Without looking at the price, I directly deducted the payment code, and only after this deduction did I know that one wanted 15 yuan, which was a little expensive.

　　"Fortunately, it tastes good, the fragrant leaves are mixed with milk, and there is a sticky feeling of glutinous rice." Feng Chenxi said.

　　In Feng Chenxi’s impression, domestic cold drinks are mostly cheap, and only a few foreign brands can sell at this price. Recalling the midsummer when I was a child, a bag of "ice packs" with a dime could make him smile. The packaging of an ice pack is extremely simple, just an icicle wrapped in plastic. When he and his friends were sweating, they went to the grocery store to buy an ice pack. First, they put it on their faces and foreheads, which made them instantly cool. Then, when they were full of handfuls, they began to suck eagerly, and the coolness went straight to their foreheads … …

　　This simple cold drink blended with pigment and sweetener has accompanied many people’s childhood. "That’s the coolest taste in summer." Feng Chenxi said.

　　In recent years, driven by some cutting-edge brands, domestic ice products have continuously raised their price ceiling. There are more and more domestic ice creams above 10 yuan, but those below 10 yuan are rare. The unit price of Zhongjie 1946 and Zhong Xue’s high-quality ice cream is above that of 10 yuan, and the price of an "Ecuadorian pink diamond Ice Cream" that makes Zhong Xue’s high fire "out of the circle" is as high as that of 66 yuan.

　　Seeing the cutting-edge forces overtaking in corners, the old players are also actively laying out the mid-to high-end market, and the cold drink market has entered the "10 yuan era".

　　Yili has held the top spot in the domestic cold drink market for many years, and its ice factory, Qiaolezi and other products are deeply loved by consumers, but it needs new faces to open up the situation in the middle and high-end market. "With the rise of ice cream rookie brands, more innovative brands have entered the market with mid-to high-end products, which has led to fierce market competition. The brand side provides healthier and more unique products through continuous product and marketing innovation. " The relevant person in charge of Yili Group said. On the basis of affordable models, Yili launched new products such as rare and rare products, which successfully helped the brand to stabilize its market position.

　　"Ice cream is the most eye-catching consumer product in midsummer. The sales of ice cream in convenience bees, Yili, Menglong and other places around 10 yuan are very high. In addition, online celebrity products with high prices are mostly the favorite of white-collar workers in business districts, such as Zhong Xuegao and Xicha ice cream." The person in charge of the convenience bee said.

　　Not just to relieve summer heat.

　　Full of creativity, attracting people to punch in

　　Nowadays, domestic cold drink brands have gradually gained a foothold in the mid-to-high-end market and have the ability to wrestle with international brands, whether in couples shops on the street, convenience chains or large supermarkets. Behind the ever-increasing price is the all-round change of products by manufacturers. Raw materials, modeling, technology and packaging … … All aspects of cold drink production and research and development are constantly changing, which stems from manufacturers’ accurate grasp of the changes in consumption concepts.

　　Ice cream brands frequently arouse consumers’ curiosity with richer flavors: durian flavor, toffee flavor, AD calcium milk flavor and salted egg yolk flavor … … "The new generation of consumers who seek novelty and novelty are more willing to pay for early adopters. They are less sensitive to price and pay more attention to factors such as product quality, taste, packaging and freshness. The rise of differentiated demand has promoted the growth of consumption of quality products. " Insiders analyzed.

　　The popularity of Wenchuang ice cream this year is an example.

　　Before going to Wuhan for the Dragon Boat Festival holiday, Wang Qi saw someone sharing "Yes ‘ Eat ’ The Yellow Crane Tower was planted with grass in an instant. "The ice cream has fine texture, realistic shape and good taste. It’s one from 15 yuan, and the price is not too expensive. It’s cool to take pictures in front of the Yellow Crane Tower!"

　　Well-known scenic spots such as the Forbidden City, West Lake, Leshan Giant Buddha, etc., are all combining their own characteristics to launch a unique style of cultural and creative ice cream, and taking pictures in front of the "deity" with ice cream in the shape of landmark buildings or cultural relics has become a new fashion for tourists to punch in.

　　Taking advantage of the popularity of cultural relics, Sanxingdui introduced two bronze masks "doll head" ice cream, which was robbed that morning. According to Feng Shixiong, an ice cream designer, there will also be a variety of products with different shapes and flavors, such as bronze giants and bronze birds, so that visitors to Sanxingdui can see, eat and bask in their circle of friends.

　　Nine-story pagoda in Mogao Grottoes, Horse Head in Yuanmingyuan, Yungang Grottoes … … Wenchuang ice cream in various scenic spots attracts tourists’ attention, and some prices reach tens of yuan, and many consumers are still willing to queue up.

　　The new "online celebrity" attracts attention by creating a sense of topic, while the old brand wins by virtue of tradition.

　　Founded in 1906, Mattel can sell more than 10,000 ice creams every day, regardless of the cold and heat. In the crowded central street of Harbin, it is almost a standard action to buy a Mattel popsicle to take pictures — — Not to quench your thirst, just to make a card.

　　"The function of cold drinks is changing, and it gradually carries more cultural and social attributes. At present, the products of the head ice cream brand in the market may have little difference if they only compare their tastes. For young people, choosing a fast-moving consumer product is largely to express their personality. " Sun Zubin, general manager of Maddie Group, said, "Maddie is the earliest popsicle brand in China, and has always adhered to the old technology and several traditional tastes. This inheritance is the core competitiveness of the brand. What was the taste of popsicles that people ate more than 100 years ago? For consumers, it is a rare cultural experience. "

　　Return to quality

　　Cold drinks grow red only when they are delicious

　　Novelty tastes are refurbished, and the styles are exquisitely crafted. In the cold drink market where product upgrading is accelerating, there are always new products and ways of playing. However, no matter how it changes, cold drinks are food after all, and what goes into the stomach is its root. The key to changing from "online celebrity" to long red lies in whether the products can go from mouth to heart.

　　"Yili cold drink has a history of 29 years. Walking in the streets, wherever there is a freezer, there will be Yili ice cream. " The relevant person in charge of Yili Cold Drink Division said that the word-of-mouth accumulated over the years is the greatest wealth of the brand. Taste, product line and channel are changing, but the insistence on quality makes the brand ride the wind and waves in the fierce market competition.

　　"Health has gradually become an important dimension to measure the quality of cold drinks." The relevant person in charge of Yili Cold Drink Division said that Yili’s "Have some oatmeal" ice cream uses milk with natural oatmeal particles, and milk protein and plant protein collide to create delicious and healthy. Another ice cream brand "Must Be Happy" focuses on providing consumers with high-quality ice cream with advanced liquid nitrogen extraction technology and patented live bacteria without artificial colors, flavors and preservatives.

　　"Consumers are increasingly demanding the quality of beverages, which requires enterprises to work hard on products, constantly improve quality, and truly make ‘ Online celebrity ’ The product becomes long red. " The relevant person in charge of Nongfu Spring said.

　　Recently, it was discovered that the oriental leaf "Jasmine Tea" tastes different. "The floral fragrance is more full, natural and refreshing, and it is more suitable for drinking in summer."

　　"Consumers’ demand for sugar-free tea is not just sugar-free, but a comprehensive experience based on taste, which is an invisible competition for brands ‘ Barriers ’ 。”

　　Quality is the lifeline of the brand. This is true for Nongfu Spring in the twenties, and it is also true for Xi ‘an Bingfeng in the seventies. In the 1990s, Coca-Cola entered the Xi ‘an market in a big way, and tried its best to defeat the ice peak. The glass bottle was filled with 50ml more, and the wholesale price was 5 cents cheaper. Even so, it failed to make the ice peak fall.

　　"This is certainly not just feelings. Guangxi’s high-quality white sugar, multi-channel purified water, glass bottles that have undergone four procedures of soaking, cleaning, disinfection and drying for 40 minutes, and the consistent craftsman spirit ensure the quality of Bingfeng soda, which makes us win the recognition of Xi’ an citizens and tourists from all over the world. " The head of the brand department of Xi’ an Bingfeng Beverage Co., Ltd. said.

　　Nowadays, as the tourism market in Xi ‘an continues to be hot, Bingfeng goes out of Xi ‘an with the help of the Internet and pushes products to the whole country through new retail. In addition to sticking to the taste, Bingfeng also followed the footsteps of the times to create diversified products. New packaging and new tastes enriched the product matrix and accelerated the pace of Bingfeng’s stepping out of the land of Sanqin.

　　Cold drink consumption will usher in more and faster changes. In the past, an ice cream and a bottle of soda accompanied several generations to grow up, but now the same generation is witnessing the changes and upgrading of different cold drink brands. What can stay is a brand that is more adaptable and innovative on the basis of excellent quality. (Kang Pu Han Xin)

　　Manual verification of nucleic acid reports is time-consuming, laborious and error-prone. What should I do?

　　On April 7th, Guan Wei of Fudan University issued a document. Since the beginning of March, the school has started the normalized nucleic acid screening work, requiring class counselors to check the students’ "healthy cloud" nucleic acid to complete screenshots to ensure that "no one is missed".

　　Li Xiaokang, a doctoral student in the School of Information Science and Engineering, is on fire. In a few minutes, he can quickly check the nucleic acids of hundreds of people to complete screenshots, greatly improving the efficiency and accuracy of verification!

　　From 1 hour to 2 minutes, a string of codes is done.

　　It is understood that Li Xiaokang is currently a counselor of Class 1 of Information in 2019.

　　Regarding the work of checking the nucleic acid report, he said: "It sounds simple, but when it is actually done, it may take half an hour to check the screenshot of a class. If it is a department with a large number of people, it may take longer, and it may be misread."

　　Li Xiaokang is volunteering.

　　As a doctoral student majoring in biomedical engineering, his research direction is medical imaging and artificial intelligence, and he usually comes into contact with many image processing methods. Li Xiaokang immediately thought of the OCR (Optical Character Recognition) technology he had learned before.

　　"OCR can recognize the text in the image and convert it into text information, which is convenient for verification. Moreover, because the nucleic acid screenshots are printed fonts, the recognition rate is very high, and it can be almost 100% accurate. "

　　He also thought of the regular expression in Python language — — You can search for specific pattern content in the string.

　　"Using regular expressions, you can filter out the desired information from the text recognized by OCR. Finally, after confirming the information such as the name, detection time and whether it has been sampled in each screenshot, output the results of everyone to an Excel file for manual confirmation. "

　　Finally, Li Xiaokang determined the program idea of "OCR character recognition+regular expression screening". On the evening of March 15th, it took him more than an hour to write the initial code, with a total of 130 lines, and it was found that it really worked, and it was very efficient.

　　Li Xiaokang’s chat with his colleagues when he first wrote the program.

　　As soon as the program was written, Li Xiaokang verified it on the nucleic acid screenshot data of his class, and the accuracy rate was really high, even detecting the problems that were not found by manual verification before. Moreover, the running time of the program is very short, and it only takes more than 20 seconds for more than 80 pictures.

　　Fudan University: It is expected to be covered by the whole school.

　　At present, the program has served in the college for 2 weeks. Li Xiaokang once asked other teachers to try their own programs for verification. 800 screenshots, it used to take more than an hour for several people to check, but now it only takes 2 minutes to get the results.

　　After he told this story to a circle of friends, many colleagues expressed great interest, and he also shared the code. In order to facilitate the use of teachers who can’t program, Li Xiaokang finally packaged the program — — When you use it, you just need to enter a line of code on the command line to run it.

　　Excel file output by the program

　　It is understood that the school information office also docked with Li Xiaokang. It is expected that in the near future, teachers and students will not need to manually collect screenshots of nucleic acids, but upload pictures directly through small programs, and they can check the statistical results at any time in the background.

　　This afternoon, when China Youth Daily reporter tried to get in touch with Li Xiaokang, he was serving as a volunteer in the school building to deliver meals.

　　He said: "The principle is also very simple, as long as people who can write code will understand what is going on at the first time, but those who don’t do related work will not feel the time-consuming and laborious work of this matter, and naturally they will not come up with a solution. I just use what I have learned to solve the difficulties in practical work. "

　　It turns out that,On August 19th, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, as the competent department of urban management, announced the Measures for Urban Management Enforcement (Draft for Comment) (hereinafter referred to as the Measures).Among them, the right to punish illegal parking on urban roads is planned to be included in the scope of urban management law enforcement.

　　What are the specific contents of "Urban Management Law Enforcement Measures (Draft for Comment)"? And listen to Xiaobian to give you a summary:

　　Six main points of "Urban Management Law Enforcement Measures (Draft for Comment)":

　　Point 1: Make clear the scope of administrative punishment power of urban management law enforcement.

　　In this draft for comments, it is proposed that the scope of urban management administrative punishment includes the following six aspects:

　　Point 2: Urban management can also post illegal vehicles.

　　As mentioned above,The right to punish illegal parking on urban roads is planned to be included in the scope of urban management law enforcement. In other words, urban management can be posted in the future.Some people may think that, in this way,Is the power of urban management greater? What if it overlaps with the law enforcement authority of the traffic control department and there is a phenomenon of mutual buck passing?This authority itself should be the product of coordination with the traffic control department, which means that the traffic control department will allocate more energy to the dynamic law enforcement process in the future, and the static law enforcement should be the result of the balance of comparative advantages.

　The "Measures" clearly stipulate the scope of urban management law enforcement, which is actually to solve the coordination problem of different departments in urban management law enforcement.The six types of law enforcement scope are the products of coordination with professional departments. To some extent, it is a principal-agent behavior of law enforcement between government departments, or a transfer of law enforcement power.

— —China Renmin University School of Public Administrationassociate professor

Li Wenzhao

　

　　Point 3: The competent urban management and law enforcement departments of municipalities directly under the Central Government and cities divided into districts can undertake the investigation and punishment of trans-regional and major and complex illegal cases.

　　Municipalities directly under the central government, designThe competent department of urban management law enforcement of a district city may send law enforcement agencies to municipal districts or streets. The agency shall perform urban management within its jurisdiction in the name of the competent department of urban management law enforcement that set up the agency.Law enforcement duties.

　　Point 4: Urban management should be certified, and the number of co-managers should be gradually reduced, and the consequences of law enforcement should be borne by the competent authorities.

　　Co-management personnel cooperate with law enforcement.Personnel engaged in publicity and education, inspection, information collection, illegal activities to discourage law enforcement and other auxiliary affairs. The legal consequences arising from the co-management personnel engaging in law enforcement auxiliary affairs shall be borne by the competent department of urban management law enforcement at the corresponding level. Urban managementThe competent department of law enforcement shall strictly observe the recruitment procedures, qualifications and codes of conduct of the co-management personnel.

　

　　Point 5: No unauthorized seizure of goods, and fines and confiscations shall be turned over to the state treasury.

　　If the seized or detained articles are illegal articles, they shall be transferred to the relevant departments.Handle. For fresh goods or other goods that are not easy to keep, the competent department of urban management and law enforcement may auction, sell or properly handle them according to law after retaining evidence. Urban management law enforcement departments shall not charge fees, fines and confiscations.Income as a source of funds; Fines, confiscation of illegal income or confiscation of illegal property auction funds shall be turned over to the state treasury in full in accordance with regulations.

　　Point 6: The whole process of law enforcement will be recorded, and the appraisal system for handling cases will be established.

　　Urban management law enforcement departments should establish and improve the whole process of law enforcement record system, law enforcement publicity system, administrative penalty discretion benchmark system, law enforcement case evaluation system, strictly implement the legal review system of major law enforcement decisions, and implement the administrative law enforcement responsibility system. 、

　　"measures"Make urban management law enforcement more institutionalized

　　In fact, when it comes to urban management, many people think of staging with vendors.“You run, you go and I’ll do it."of“Cat and mouse"State, is in different forms.“violent law-enforcement".Of course, in the process of law enforcement, urban management is sometimes a vulnerable group. There have been many bloody cases in which urban management team members were stabbed and killed.

　

　　This is to maintain urban order, but it often becomes the target of public criticism. Urban management law enforcement is recognized as "the most difficult thing in the world".What is the problem? One word: Fa!

　

　　For a long time, we have lacked a law to co-ordinate urban management, standardize law enforcement teams and restrain law enforcement behavior. Because the basis of urban management law enforcement is scattered in many departmental laws and regulations, in the face of urban management law enforcement, not onlyThe law enforcers don’t understand the basis of law enforcement, and the law enforcers themselves sometimes don’t know which law is supporting them.At the same time, "smile law enforcement", "flower law enforcement" and other pattern law enforcement methods emerge in endlessly, with different effects, highlighting the lack of law“myasthenia".

　

　　In the past, the identity and responsibilities of urban management law enforcement were unclear, and small business vendors were afraid of it, and urban management personnel also complained a lot.“Working as a policeman, taking the money of wage earners.". In the future,With a clear law enforcement boundary, the relationship between law enforcement and law enforcement will turn in a benign direction.

— — CCTV commentator Wang Jian

　

　　2015In, the urbanization rate of China has reached.56.1%, the permanent population of cities and towns reached.7.7100 million, the new urbanization will still be a major strategic task in China. With the promotion of new urbanization, the government’s management level needs to be improved accordingly, and refined urban management is the direction of urban management.

　　The premise of refined urban management is standardization, legalization and proceduralization. Through the promulgation of the Measures, the organization, law enforcement, digital platform, hotline, law enforcement coordination and urban management coordination of urban management are specified in detail, which points out the direction for refined urban management.

　　The introduction of norms is a kind of institutional innovation. Defining their respective rights and obligations through institutional innovation is conducive to more legitimacy of urban management and more recognition, cooperation and participation of the people.

— —China Renmin University School of Public Administrationassociate professor

Li Wenzhao

Expert: "Measures"》It still needs to be perfected

　　This "Urban Management Law Enforcement Measures (Draft for Comment)" can be said to have ushered in legal protection for urban management law enforcement, and alsoIt points out the direction for the refined management of the city.But experts believe that,There are still some "Draft for Comment"It is worthy of careful analysis and careful discussion.

　　city management≠Urban governance

　　In legislation, we should introduce the concept of "urban governance" and think about urban law enforcement from the perspective of "urban governance" instead of passive management. Efforts should be made to promote people’s active participation in urban governance, become the main body of urban governance, and consciously abide by various laws, regulations and rules of the city.Whether the "Measures" should use "urban management law enforcement" needs careful consideration.

　　put on an equal footing“Strict law enforcement"and“Promote law-abiding"

　　The existing "Measures" pay more attention to promoting the implementation of various laws, regulations, methods and rules of the city by exercising compulsory power and punishment power. In fact,We should also consider how to make urban citizens consciously abide by the law. Law enforcers need to assist citizens to abide by the law. Punishment is one of the tools, but it is not the only tool.

　　Legal clearance“Assistant manager"

　　Co-managers cannot be allowed to exist at the legal level, and putting an end to co-managers should be the direction.Once the coordinator is allowed to exist at the legal level, the seriousness of law enforcement is greatly reduced. On the contrary, the time schedule for retiring the assistant managers should be stipulated at the legal level.

　　It is necessary to clarify the organizational design of urban management law enforcement.

　　What is vertical management? Or territorial management? What is the agency? Or is it a territorial institution? How can different institutions work together? How to achieve cross-regional coordination? How to better allocate law enforcement agencies? These important institutions, personnel and other issues are not covered by laws and regulations.

— —China Renmin University School of Public Administrationassociate professor

Li Wenzhao

　

　　Urban management, the greatest difficulty and the highest art come from one“pipe/tube"Word.

　　On the one hand,Urban management is by no means "everything is handed over to urban management", let alone relying on urban management personnel to "fine" to solve problems.Some people have made rough statistics, and the urban management functions of urban management are as follows110Multiple items. Only by defining the functions of urban management and the boundaries of law enforcement through legal means can it be possible to make urban management law enforcement directional and flexible.

　　On the other hand,Urban management law enforcement should not be based on "management", but more importantly, it should serve the city, serve the residents and pay attention to people’s rights and well-being.Therefore, it is possible to standardize the law enforcement team and law enforcement behavior by law.“manage"towards“service"Change. The ultimate goal is for urban residents and managers to work together to create a good urban environment for common management and common life.

— — CCTV commentator Wang Jian

　

　　In real life, the first reaction that a phrase "the city management is coming" often brings to vendors is "running". This reflects the embarrassing public opinion environment and the great difficulty of law enforcement faced by urban management from one side.People expect that the promulgation of a law will enable urban management to do a good job in urban management with confidence, rationality and legality. The next time someone shouts "Urban Management is coming", people will understand that it is the service provider of the city!

Gansu Provincial Water Resources Department and Provincial Meteorological Bureau jointly issued a yellow warning of meteorological risk of mountain torrents at 09: 00 on the 19th:

In the past 12 hours, there have been heavy rains in Tianshui, eastern Pingliang, central and southern Qingyang and eastern Longnan. It is estimated that from 09: 00 on September 19th to 20: 00 on September 19th, Qinzhou District, Maiji District, Qingshui County, Qin ‘an County, Gangu County and Wushan County of Tianshui City, Wudu District, Chengxian County, Kangxian County, Xihe County, Lixian County, Huixian County and liangdang county of Longnan City, Kongtong District, Jingchuan County and Lingtai County of Pingliang City. In other areas, mountain torrents may also be caused by local short-term heavy rainfall. Relevant departments are requested to pay attention to real-time monitoring, flood prevention and early warning, and draw people in dangerous areas to transfer to avoid danger, so that the public can pay attention to disaster prevention and avoidance.

(Reporter Jiao Jian, General Desk)

Banana is not only a healthy and nutritious fruit, but also a very creative work of art. Artist Stephen Brousser borrowed simple tools such as ballpoint pens and knives, and used banana peels as canvases to give different lives to bananas.

From Marilyn Monroe to the Beatles, from plesiosaurs to Dalmatians, ordinary bananas were played with different tricks by Stephen.

Stephan has been making banana art for nearly seven years and the results are mind-blowing.
Stephen has been engaged in banana art creation for nearly 7 years, and his works are eye-opening.

Drawing upon imagery from religion, pop culture, wildlife and technology, Stephan’s whimsical creations have seen him go viral on Instagram with his posts raking up thousands of likes from his more than 79,000 followers.
These whimsical paintings contain elements of religion, pop culture, wildlife and science and technology, which makes Steven popular on Ins, with more than 79,000 fans, and the posts posted by him are liked by thousands of fans.

And why did Steven think of painting on bananas? He told the story of his "attachment" to bananas on the indy100 website.

“My wife had been pushing me to use Instagram for a while, saying it would be great for promoting my illustrations and comics I’ve been doing in my spare time, besides my work as a graphic designer.”
"My wife has been encouraging me to play Ins. She said it is very helpful to promote my illustrations and cartoons, which I drew in my spare time. My job is to be a graphic designer."

“And just after lunchtime, I wanted to experiment a bit with the app, try out the filters and such. But since I was at the office I didn’t really have anything fun or interesting to photograph.”
"After lunch time, I want to experience this application and try functions such as filters. But because I was in the office, there was nothing interesting to shoot. "

“I then noticed I still had a banana left from lunch and figured it would make a fun picture if I just drew a little happy face on it. Discovering how pleasant it actually is to draw on a banana – there is just something about how smooth the ballpoint pen flows on the structure of the banana peel – I made another ‘fruitdoodle’, as I like to call them, the next day. One with a grumpy face, for balance sake.”
"Then, I found that there was a banana left at lunch. I thought it would be an interesting picture if I drew a smiling face on the banana. I find it very smooth to draw on banana peel with a ballpoint pen. After having fun, the next day, I drew another "fruit graffiti", which I like to call them. In order to neutralize it, the second work is an angry expression. "

This accidental experience made Stephen fall in love with the feeling of painting with bananas, and he has been out of control ever since.

“I just kinda challenged myself to see what else I could come up with to draw on a banana, and I never stopped since. After a while, I also noticed that I was getting more likes and attention for my drawings on bananas than my other stuff. So instead of my other projects, I gradually started to focus more and more on the banana art.”
"I just want to challenge myself to see what else I can create with bananas, and I can’t stop. After a while, I found that my banana graffiti gained more love and attention than other works. Therefore, I gradually began to invest more and more energy in banana art, not other works. "

Now Stephen has compiled his works into a collection and published his first book, Fruit Graffiti. And his next plan is to introduce fruit graffiti to the world.

“Banana art has taken me across the border from Germany to the USA and I would love to get more invitations to do my banana art across the globe.”
"With the banana art, I went to Germany and the United States, and I hope to get more invitations to show my banana art around the world."

Stephan’s work isn’t just exclusive to bananas. He’s been known to incorporate all manner of fruit into his repertoire.
Stephen is not limited to creating on bananas. He has mastered the skill of painting with all kinds of fruits.

So, next time you have a piece of fruit in your hand don’t just view it as a healthy and nutritious snack. View it as a piece of art which has endless possibilities.
So the next time you pick up a fruit, don’t just treat it as a healthy and nutritious food, but treat it as a work of art with unlimited potential.

English source: indy100
Compile: Dong Jing
Revising: yaning

Do you know the knowledge of "Old Man’s Music"?

Overview of "Old Man’s Music": Definition and Characteristics "Old Man’s Music" mainly refers to low-speed electric three-wheeled and four-wheeled vehicles. It is named because of its simple operation, affordable price and meeting the driving needs of the elderly. This kind of vehicle usually has the following characteristics. Do you know the knowledge of "Old Man Le"?

Cheap price: Compared with traditional cars, the price of Lao Toule is lower, which is more easily accepted by consumers with limited budgets, especially the elderly.

Simple procedures: Early old people may not need complicated licensing procedures or driver’s license requirements in some areas, and the threshold for purchase and use is relatively low.

Application scenario: it is mainly used for short-distance transportation, especially in rural areas, small towns or closed communities, as a connecting tool or daily travel. Development course and supervision policy

Early development: Laotoule has various origins, which may be related to golf carts, three-wheeled agricultural vehicles and other similar means of transportation. Since the early 2000s, it has been rapidly popularized in rural areas of China. Do you know the knowledge of "Old Man’s Music"?

Standardization and upgrading: With the growth of market demand and the prominent problems of safety and environmental protection, the government began to gradually strengthen the supervision of Laodule. For example, the regulations before 2021 require that such vehicles be formally included in the standards of new energy vehicles within six months, and lead-acid batteries should be replaced by Ferrous lithium phosphate or ternary lithium batteries. At the same time, manufacturers are required to meet the standards of crash test, vehicle quality and motor performance.

Market changes: After the domestic retirement of the non-compliant Laole, the micro-new energy vehicle market has received more attention. In the international market, the old man music products made in China have even attracted the interest of European and American consumers. Brand and market situation Brand participation: There are many enterprises focusing on the production of Laodule in the market, such as Reading Automobile, which compete in this segment.

Product evaluation: Although the market exists, there is a view that as of a certain point in time (for example, in 2022), Laotoule manufacturers have not yet launched models that can compete with the mainstream products in the domestic new energy vehicle market at that time.

Influence and controversy

Social demand: Laotoule really meets the travel needs of some specific groups (especially the elderly) and provides convenient transportation solutions.

Safety and environmental protection issues: Due to the lack of unified standards and strict supervision in the early stage, Laotoule may have potential safety hazards, such as insufficient structural strength and poor braking performance. In addition, the old man who uses lead-acid batteries has a certain impact on the environment, which is why the policy later requires him to switch to a more environmentally friendly battery type.

To sum up, "Laotoule", as a special type of low-speed electric vehicle, played an important role in transportation in a specific period and region, but its development was accompanied by increasingly strict legal requirements, market transformation and the demand for safety and environmental protection performance improvement. With the advancement of standardization, the old man music industry is gradually moving closer to the standard of micro new energy vehicles to adapt to the new market environment and regulatory requirements. Do you know the knowledge of "Old Man’s Music"?

　　Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, June 2-the State Council Press Office published a white paper on China’s position on Sino-US economic and trade consultations on June 2. The full text is as follows:

China’s position on Sino-US economic and trade consultations

(June 2019)

People’s Republic of China (PRC)

the State Council Information Office

　　catalogue

　　foreword

　　First, the United States provokes economic and trade frictions with China and harms the interests of the two countries and the world.

　　Second, the United States reneged on its word and did not stress honesty in Sino-US economic and trade consultations.

　　3. China has always adhered to the consultation position of equality, mutual benefit and integrity.

　　Concluding remarks

　　foreword

　　Sino-US economic and trade relations are the "ballast stone" and "propeller" of bilateral relations, which are related to the fundamental interests of the two peoples and the prosperity and stability of the world. Since the establishment of diplomatic relations between the two countries, bilateral economic and trade relations have continued to develop, the areas of cooperation have been continuously expanded, and the level of cooperation has been continuously improved, forming a mutually beneficial and win-win relationship with high complementarity and interests, which not only benefits the two countries, but also benefits the world.

　　Due to different stages of development and economic systems, differences and frictions are inevitable in economic and trade cooperation between the two countries. In the course of the development of Sino-US economic and trade relations, there have been many twists and turns and difficulties. In a rational and cooperative attitude, the two countries solved problems through dialogue and consultation, resolved contradictions and narrowed differences, and bilateral economic and trade relations became more mature.

　　Since the new US administration took office in 2017, it has threatened to impose tariffs and other means, frequently provoking economic and trade frictions with major trading partners. Since March 2018, in response to the Sino-US economic and trade frictions unilaterally initiated by the US government, China has to take effective measures to resolutely defend the interests of the country and the people. At the same time, China has always adhered to the basic position of resolving disputes through dialogue and consultation, and conducted several rounds of economic and trade consultations with the United States in an effort to stabilize bilateral economic and trade relations. China’s attitude is consistent and clear. China and the United States are beneficial to each other, but fighting hurts each other. Cooperation is the only correct choice for both sides. China is willing to solve the economic and trade differences and frictions between the two countries in a cooperative way, so as to reach a mutually beneficial and win-win agreement. However, cooperation is principled, consultation has a bottom line, and China will never give in on major issues of principle. Regarding the trade war, China is unwilling to fight, not afraid to fight, and has to fight if necessary. This attitude has never changed.

　　In order to comprehensively introduce the basic situation of Sino-US economic and trade consultations and clarify China’s policy stance on Sino-US economic and trade consultations, the China Municipal Government has issued this white paper.

　　First, the United States provokes economic and trade frictions with China and harms the interests of the two countries and the world.

　　The current U.S. government pursues the policy of "giving priority to the United States", adopts a series of unilateralist and protectionist measures abroad, uses the "big stick" of tariffs at every turn, and imposes its own interests on other countries. The United States launched the "201 investigation" and "232 investigation" that have been dusty for many years, and frequently attacked major trading partners, disrupting the global economic and trade pattern. The United States also pointed its finger at China, and launched a unilateral "301 investigation" in August 2017, ignoring China’s unremitting efforts and great achievements in strengthening intellectual property protection and improving the business environment for foreign investors over the years, making many negative and objective comments on China, and adopting economic and trade restrictions such as increasing tariffs and restricting investment to provoke Sino-US economic and trade frictions.

　　Ignoring the economic structure of China and the United States, the characteristics of development stages and the reality of international industrial division of labor, the United States insists that China has adopted unfair and unequal trade policies, which has led to a trade deficit with China, suffered losses in bilateral economic and trade exchanges, and unilaterally imposed tariffs on China. In fact, in the era of economic globalization, the economies of China and the United States are highly integrated and form a complete industrial chain. The economies of the two countries are linked by bones and tendons, which are mutually beneficial and win-win. It is a miscalculation to regard the trade deficit as a "loss". The trade restrictions adopted by the United States against China are not conducive to China, the United States and the world.

　　(A) the United States tariff measures harm others and do not benefit themselves

　　The US government imposes tariffs on China’s goods exported to the United States, which hinders bilateral trade and investment cooperation and affects the confidence of the two countries and even the global market and the smooth operation of the economy. U.S. tariff measures led to a decline in China’s exports to the United States, which fell by 9.7% year-on-year from January to April 2019 (Note 4), falling for five consecutive months. At the same time, American exports to China declined for eight consecutive months because China had to increase tariffs in response to the US tax increase (Note 5). The uncertainty caused by Sino-US economic and trade friction makes enterprises of the two countries take a wait-and-see attitude towards investment cooperation. China’s investment in the United States continues to decline, and the growth rate of American investment in China has also obviously slowed down. According to statistics from China, in 2018, China enterprises directly invested 5.79 billion US dollars in the United States, down 10% year-on-year (Note 6). In 2018, the actual US investment in China was US$ 2.69 billion (Note 7), and the growth rate dropped sharply from 11% in 2017 to 1.5%. Due to the uncertain prospect of Sino-US economic and trade friction, the World Trade Organization lowered the growth rate of global trade from 3.7% to 2.6% in 2019 (Note 8).

　　(B) The trade war did not bring the so-called "greatness again" to the United States.

　　The tariff increase measures not only failed to promote the economic growth of the United States, but also brought serious harm.

　　The first is to increase the production costs of American enterprises. The manufacturing industries between China and the United States are highly interdependent. Many American manufacturers rely on China’s raw materials and intermediate products, and it is difficult to find suitable alternative suppliers in the short term, so they can only bear the cost of increasing tariffs.

　　The second is to raise domestic prices in the United States. Importing good quality and low price consumer goods from China is one of the important factors that keep the inflation rate in the United States low for a long time. After the imposition of tariffs, the final selling price of China products has increased, and in fact, American consumers have also borne the tariff cost. A study by the National Retail Federation of the United States shows that the imposition of a 25% tariff on China furniture alone will cost American consumers an extra $4.6 billion a year (Note 9).

　　The third is to affect the economic growth and people’s livelihood in the United States. According to the report jointly released by the American Chamber of Commerce and Rongding Group in March 2019, due to the economic and trade friction between China and the United States, the US GDP will probably decrease by 64 billion to 91 billion US dollars every year in 2019 and the next four years, accounting for 0.3%-0.5% of the total US GDP. If the United States imposes a 25% tariff on all goods exported from China to the United States, the gross domestic product of the United States will be reduced by US$ 1 trillion in the next 10 years (Note 10). According to the research report released by the American think tank Trade Partnership in February 2019, if the United States imposes a 25% tariff on all goods exported from China to the United States, the gross domestic product of the United States will decrease by 1.01%, the number of jobs will decrease by 2.16 million, and the annual expenditure of a family of four will increase by $2,294 (Note 11).

　　The fourth is to hinder US exports to China. On May 1, 2019, u.s.-china business council released the "Report on the Export of States to China — — 2019 pointed out that during the decade from 2009 to 2018, US exports to China supported more than 1.1 million American jobs, and the China market was vital to the US economy. In this decade, 48 States in the United States have achieved cumulative growth in goods exports to China, of which 44 States have achieved double-digit growth. However, in 2018, when Sino-US economic and trade frictions intensified, only 16 States in the United States achieved growth in goods exports to China, while 34 States saw a decline in exports to China, of which 24 States experienced double-digit decline, and agricultural states in the central and western regions suffered the most. Affected by tariff measures, the export of American agricultural products to China decreased by 33.1% year-on-year, of which soybeans decreased by nearly 50%, and the American industry was worried about losing the China market that had been cultivated for nearly 40 years.

　　(C) US trade bullying has affected the whole world.

　　Economic globalization is an irresistible trend of the times, and beggar-thy-neighbor unilateralism and protectionism are unpopular. A series of trade protection measures adopted by the United States violate the rules of the World Trade Organization, damage the multilateral trading system, seriously interfere with the global industrial chain and supply chain, damage market confidence, bring severe challenges to the global economic recovery and pose a major threat to the trend of economic globalization.

　　First, it undermines the authority of the multilateral trading system. The United States launched a series of unilateral investigations such as "201", "232" and "301" according to domestic laws, and adopted measures to increase tariffs, which seriously violated the most basic and core rules of the World Trade Organization, such as most-favored-nation treatment and tariff restraint. This kind of unilateralism and protectionism not only harms the interests of China and other members, but also damages the authority of the World Trade Organization and its dispute settlement mechanism, putting the multilateral trading system and international trade order at risk.

　　The second is to threaten global economic growth. The global economy has not completely emerged from the shadow of the international financial crisis. The US government has escalated economic and trade frictions and raised the tariff level, and relevant countries have to take corresponding measures, which has led to the disorder of global economic and trade order, hindered the global economic recovery, harmed the development of enterprises and people’s well-being in various countries, and made the global economy fall into the "recession trap". In January 2019, the World Bank released the Global Economic Outlook report, which further reduced the global economic growth forecast to 2.9% in 2019. Continued tension in trade relations is one of the main downside risks (Note 12). The World Economic Outlook report released by the International Monetary Fund in April 2019 lowered the forecast of global economic growth in 2019 from 3.6% in 2018 to 3.3%, and said that economic and trade frictions may further inhibit global economic growth and continue to weaken the already weak investment (Note 13).

　　The third is to disrupt the global industrial chain and supply chain. Both China and the United States are important links in the global industrial chain and supply chain. The final products exported by China to the United States include a large number of intermediate products and parts imported from other countries. If the United States imposes tariffs on imported products from China, the victims will be many multinational companies, including American enterprises, which cooperate with China enterprises. Adding tariff measures leads to an artificial increase in supply chain costs, which affects the stability and security of the supply chain. Some enterprises are forced to adjust the global layout of supply chain, and global resources cannot be optimally allocated.

　　It can be predicted that the latest tariff escalation measures taken by the United States against China will not only fail to solve the problem, but will further harm the interests of all parties, which China resolutely opposes. Recently, the US government has imposed "long-arm jurisdiction" sanctions on many China enterprises such as Huawei in the name of so-called "unwarranted" national security, and China is also firmly opposed.

　　Second, the United States reneged on its word and did not stress honesty in Sino-US economic and trade consultations.

　　After the United States provoked economic and trade frictions, China had to take countermeasures, and the trade and investment relations between the two countries were affected. Both sides believe that it is necessary to sit down and negotiate to solve the problem through consultation, based on the needs of the well-being of the two peoples and the needs of their respective economic development. Since the launch of the economic and trade consultation in February 2018, great progress has been made, and the two countries have reached a consensus on most of the contents. However, the consultation has also experienced several twists and turns, each of which stems from the United States’ violation of consensus, reneging on its words and not stressing honesty.

　　(A) renege for the first time

　　From the very beginning, China advocated that Sino-US economic and trade frictions should be resolved through negotiation and consultation. In early February 2018, the US government proposed that China send a high-level delegation to the United States for economic and trade consultations. China has shown great sincerity and made active efforts. It has held several rounds of high-level economic and trade consultations with the United States, focusing on in-depth exchange of views on trade imbalances and other issues, and reached a preliminary consensus on expanding imports of agricultural products and energy products from the United States, making important progress. However, on March 22, 2018, the US government threw out the so-called "301 investigation" report on China, and made false accusations against China, such as "stealing intellectual property rights" and "compulsory technology transfer". Based on this, it announced that it would impose a 25% tariff on goods worth $50 billion imported from China.

　　(B) the second renege

　　The China administration, focusing on the overall situation of bilateral relations, once again sent a working team to hold serious consultations with the United States. On May 19, 2018, China and the United States issued a joint statement, reaching a consensus that "the two sides will not fight trade" and agreed to continue to maintain high-level communication and actively seek solutions to economic and trade issues of their respective concern. The United States publicly stated that it would suspend its plan to impose tariffs on China. On May 29, 2018, despite the opposition of the domestic industrial and commercial circles and the general public, the US government overthrew the consultation consensus only 10 days after the two sides issued a joint statement, making wanton accusations against China’s economic system and trade policy, and announced that it would continue to push forward the tariff increase plan. Since the beginning of July 2018, the United States has imposed a 25% tariff on $50 billion of goods exported from China and a 10% tariff on $200 billion of goods exported from China for three times, and said that the tax rate will be raised to 25% from January 1, 2019. The United States also threatened to impose tariffs on all the remaining goods exported from China to the United States, which led to a rapid escalation of economic and trade friction between the two countries. In order to defend national dignity and people’s interests, China has to make necessary response and impose tariffs on US$ 110 billion worth of goods exported to China.

　　(3) reneging on one’s word for the third time

　　On November 1, 2018, US President Trump telephoned the Chairman of the Supreme Leader and proposed to hold a meeting between the two heads of state. On December 1, the heads of state of China and the United States met during the G-20 summit in Argentina, and reached an important consensus on bilateral economic and trade issues. They agreed to stop imposing new tariffs on each other, step up consultations within 90 days, and work towards the abolition of all tariff increases. In the following 90 days, the Chinese and American working teams held three rounds of high-level consultations in Beijing and Washington, and reached many preliminary consensus on the principles and contents of the Sino-US economic and trade agreement. On February 25, 2019, the United States announced that it would postpone the original deadline for raising tariffs on US$ 200 billion worth of goods exported from China to the United States from March 1. From the end of March to the end of April, the working teams of the two countries held three rounds of high-level consultations and made substantial progress. After several rounds of consultations, the two countries have reached an agreement on most issues. In view of the remaining problems, the China government proposed that both sides should make mutual understanding and accommodation, and jointly seek solutions to their differences.

　　However, the U.S. government pushed its luck, adopted a hegemonic attitude and extreme pressure, insisted on unreasonable high asking price, insisted on not canceling all tariffs imposed since the economic and trade friction, and insisted on writing mandatory requirements concerning China’s sovereignty affairs in the agreement, which led to the delay in bridging the remaining differences between the two sides. On May 6, 2019, the United States irresponsibly accused China of "retrogression" and tried to blame China for the unfinished negotiations. Despite China’s resolute opposition, the tariff rate on 200 billion US dollars of China’s goods exported to the United States was raised from 10% to 25% on May 10, which led to a serious setback in Sino-US economic and trade negotiations. On May 13th, the United States announced the initiation of the procedure of imposing tariffs on the remaining about $300 billion of goods exported from China to the United States. The above-mentioned actions run counter to the consensus of the first US dollar to resolve frictions through consultations, and run counter to the expectations of the two countries and people all over the world, casting a shadow over bilateral economic and trade consultations and the prospects of world economic growth. In order to defend its own interests, China has to take measures to increase tariffs.

　　(D) Sino-US economic and trade consultations have been seriously frustrated, and the responsibility lies entirely with the US government.

　　It is totally nonsense for the US government to accuse China of "driving backwards" in the negotiations. In the process of negotiation between the two sides, it is a common practice in trade negotiations to propose amendments and adjustments to the text content and related expressions. In the past ten rounds of negotiations, the US government has constantly adjusted relevant demands and accused China of "retrogression" at will. Historical experience has proved that trying to reach an agreement by throwing dirty water, dismantling Taiwan and exerting extreme pressure will only undermine the cooperative relationship between the two sides and miss historical opportunities.

　　In a country of gentlemen, courtesy comes first, then soldiers. After the United States raised the new tariff threat, the international community was generally worried that China might cancel the consultation plan to the United States and pay attention to the future of Sino-US economic and trade consultations. Proceeding from the overall situation of maintaining Sino-US economic and trade relations, China maintained a rational and restrained attitude. According to the previous agreement between the two sides, he sent a high-level delegation to the United States for the eleventh round of economic and trade consultations from May 9 to 10, 2019, demonstrating his utmost sincerity and responsible attitude in resolving economic and trade differences with the United States through dialogue. China and the United States had frank and constructive exchanges, and agreed to work hard to control differences and continue to promote consultations. China expressed strong opposition to the unilateral imposition of tariffs by the United States, clarified its solemn position and said that it would have to take necessary measures to fight back. China once again stressed that economic and trade agreements must be equal and mutually beneficial, and will never give in on major issues of principle involving China’s core interests. The premise for the two sides to reach an agreement is that the United States will cancel all tariff increases, and the procurement should be in line with reality, while ensuring that the text of the agreement is balanced and in line with the common interests of both sides.

　　3. China has always adhered to the consultation position of equality, mutual benefit and integrity.

　　The China government has always believed that the threat of trade war and the constant imposition of tariffs are not conducive to solving economic and trade problems. China and the United States should uphold the spirit of mutual respect, equality and mutual benefit, resolve problems through consultation in good faith, narrow differences, expand common interests, and jointly safeguard global economic stability and development.

　　(1) Consultation should be based on mutual respect, equality and mutual benefit.

　　As the world’s two largest economies and trading powers, it is normal for China and the United States to have some differences in economic and trade cooperation. The key is how to enhance mutual trust, promote cooperation and control differences. Proceeding from the overall situation of safeguarding the common interests of the two countries and the world trade order, China insists on solving problems through dialogue and consultation, responds to the concerns raised by the United States with utmost patience and sincerity, properly handles differences by seeking common ground while reserving differences, overcomes various difficulties, puts forward pragmatic solutions, and makes arduous efforts to promote bilateral economic and trade consultations. During the consultation, China has always adhered to the principles of mutual respect, equality and mutual benefit, and worked hard to reach an agreement acceptable to both sides.

　　Mutual respect means respecting each other’s social system, economic system, development path and rights, respecting each other’s core interests and major concerns, not challenging the "bottom line" or crossing the "red line", not at the expense of one party’s right to development, and not damaging a country’s sovereignty. Equality and mutual benefit means that the status of consultation between the two sides is equal, the results of consultation are mutually beneficial, and the final agreement is win-win. If one side forces the other side to negotiate, or if the negotiation results only benefit one side, such negotiations will not succeed.

　　(two) the consultation should move in the opposite direction and be based on honesty.

　　Consultation requires mutual understanding and joint efforts. Consultation is a process in which the parties concerned seek consensus or compromise on the problems they face through discussion. There are many variables during the consultation. It is normal for all parties to react differently to various changes at different stages from their own interests. China government believes that economic and trade consultation is an effective way to solve the problem. Only when all parties hold a goodwill attitude and fully understand each other’s position during the consultation process can we create favorable conditions for the success of the consultation. Otherwise, it will be impossible to form a basis for reaching a long-term effective agreement and it will be difficult to reach a sustainable and executable agreement.

　　Honesty is the basis of negotiation. The China administration has always been based on honesty, and has held consultations with the US government with great sincerity. China attaches great importance to the concerns of the United States and strives to find effective ways and means to resolve the differences between the two sides. Significant progress has been made in the 11 rounds of high-level economic and trade consultations held by the two sides. The results of these consultations are in the interests of both China and the United States, and they are the result of joint efforts and direction. During the consultation, China stressed that credit is important and commitment is important, and repeatedly stressed that if the two sides reach an agreement, China will earnestly and earnestly fulfill its commitments.

　　(3) China will never give in on the issue of principle.

　　Every country has its own principles. During the consultation, the sovereignty and dignity of a country must be respected, and the agreement reached by both sides should be equal and mutually beneficial. China will never back down on major issues of principle. Both China and the United States should see and recognize the differences and stages of national development and respect each other’s development path and basic system. We can’t expect to solve all the problems through one agreement, but also need to ensure that the agreement meets the needs of both parties at the same time and realizes the balance of the agreement.

　　The recent announcement by the United States to increase tariffs on China is not conducive to solving bilateral economic and trade problems. China strongly opposes this and has to respond to it to safeguard its legitimate rights and interests. China’s position and attitude are consistent and clear, and China hopes to solve the problem through dialogue rather than tariff measures. For the benefit of China people, American people and people all over the world, China will treat it rationally, but China will not be afraid of any pressure and is ready to meet any challenge. Talk, the door is open; Fight, fight to the end.

　　(D) No challenge can stop China’s progress.

　　The development of China will not be smooth sailing, and there will inevitably be difficulties, obstacles and even stormy waves. Facing all kinds of risks and challenges, China is confident to face up to difficulties, turn crises into opportunities and open up a new world.

　　No matter how the situation develops and changes, China insists on doing his own thing. Developing and strengthening yourself through reform and opening up is the fundamental way to deal with economic and trade frictions. There is a huge demand in China’s domestic market. The promotion of supply-side structural reform will bring about an overall improvement in the competitiveness of products and enterprises, and there is ample room for fiscal and monetary policies. China can maintain a good momentum of sustained and healthy economic development, and its economic prospects are very optimistic.

　　China will continue to deepen its reform and opening up, and the door of China will not be closed, but will only grow wider. In the keynote speech at the opening ceremony of the second Belt and Road International Cooperation Summit Forum, the Chairman of the Supreme Leader announced that China will adopt a series of major reform and opening-up measures, strengthen institutional and structural arrangements, and promote a higher level of opening up, including expanding foreign market access in a wider range, strengthening international cooperation in intellectual property protection, increasing imports of goods and services on a larger scale, more effectively implementing coordination of international macroeconomic policies, and paying more attention to the implementation of opening-up policies. A more open China will form a more benign interaction with the world and bring more progress and prosperity to China and the world.

　　Concluding remarks

　　Cooperation is the only correct choice for China and the United States, and a win-win situation can lead to a better future. In the general direction of Sino-US economic and trade consultation, China is not looking backward, but looking forward. The differences and frictions between the two sides in the economic and trade field will eventually need to be resolved through dialogue and consultation. It is in the interests of China and the United States to reach a mutually beneficial and win-win agreement, which conforms to the expectations of all countries in the world. It is hoped that the United States and China will go hand in hand, manage economic and trade differences and strengthen economic and trade cooperation in the spirit of mutual respect, equality and mutual benefit, jointly promote Sino-US relations based on coordination, cooperation and stability, and enhance the well-being of the two countries and the people of the world.

　　(Note 1) In February, 2018, the Center for Global Innovation Policy of the American Chamber of Commerce released the 2018 International Intellectual Property Index Report, which stated that in 2018, China ranked 25th among 50 economies with a score of 19.08, up two places from 2017, http://www. theglobalipcenter.com/wp-content/uploads/2007.

　　(Note 2) On January 18, 2018, China National Intellectual Property Administration, China held a press conference on the main work statistics and related information in 2017, http://www.sipo.gov.cn/twzb/gjzscqj 2017 nzygztjsjjgqkxwfbk/.

　　(Note 3) u.s.-china business council website: 2019 State Export Report, https://www.uschina.org/reports/2019-state-export-report, May 1, 2019.

　　(Note 4) Website of China General Administration of Customs: http://www.customs.gov.cn/customs/302249/302274/302275/2418393/index.html, May 8, 2019.

　　(Note 5) Website of China General Administration of Customs: http://www.customs.gov.cn/customs/302249/302274/302275/2418393/index.html, May 8, 2019.

　　(Note 6) Data of China Ministry of Commerce.

　　(Note 7) Website of the Ministry of Commerce of China: China’s FDI absorption news from January to December 2018, http://www.mofcom.gov.cn/article/tongjiziliao/v/201901/2019010283209.shtml, January 15, 2019.

　　(Note 8) World Trade Organization (WTO) website: WTO Trade Forecasts: Press Conference, https://www.wto.org/English/news _ e/spra _ e/spra255 _ e.htm, April 2, 2019.

　　(Note 9) The website of the National Retail Federation of America: NRF Warns USTR Tariffs Would Cost Americas Billions, Releases New Study on Consumer Impact, Https://nrf.com/media-center/press-releases/nrf-warnings-USTR-towers-would-cost-Americans-bills-releases-new-study, August 22, 2018.

　　(Note 10) Rongding Group website: Asserting the Costs of Targets on the US ICT Industry: Modeling US China Targets, https://rhg.com/research/Asserting-the-Costs-of-Targets-on-the-US-ICT-Industry, March 15, 2019.

　　(Note 11) Trading partner websites: estimated impacts on the U.S. economy and workers (2019), https://tradepartnership.com/reports/estimated-impacts-of-targets-on-the-u-s-economy-and-workers.

　　(Note 12) World Bank website: Global Economic Prospects, https://www.worldbank.org/en/publication/global-economic-prospects, January 8, 2019.

　　(Note 13) International Monetary Fund website: World Economic Outlook, https://www.imf.org/en/publications/WEO/issues/2019/03/28/world-economic-outlook-April-2019, April 2, 2019.

CCTV News:According to the website of the Central Meteorological Observatory, due to the influence of strong cold air, from 10th to 13th, northerly winds of 4~6 grades will appear in most parts of northwest China, North China, Northeast China and most parts of the south of the Yangtze River, with the temperature dropping by 4~8℃, and the temperature in central and southeastern Inner Mongolia, Liaoning, Jilin and southeastern Heilongjiang will drop by 10~14℃, and the local temperature will be above 14℃. It is estimated that from the morning of November 10th to the morning, there will be foggy weather with visibility less than 1km in parts of eastern Beijing, Tianjin, northeastern and southern Hebei, southeastern Shanxi, northwestern and southern Shandong, Jiangsu, eastern Anhui, Shanghai, northern Zhejiang, central and northern Shaanxi and Hetao area of Inner Mongolia.

　　Cold air will affect most parts of China.

　　Affected by strong cold air, from 10th to 13th, northerly winds of 4-6 grades will appear in most parts of northwest China, North China, Northeast China and most parts of the south of the Yangtze River, and the temperature will drop by 4-8℃. The temperatures in central and southeastern Inner Mongolia, Liaoning, Jilin and southeastern Heilongjiang will drop by 10-14℃, and the local temperature will be above 14℃.

　　Among them, from 08: 00 on November 10 to 08: 00 on December 12, the temperature in central and eastern Xinjiang, most of Inner Mongolia, Gansu, eastern and northern Qinghai, Ningxia, Shaanxi, western Shanxi, northern Hebei, western Liaoning, western Jilin, western Henan, northeastern Sichuan and other places will drop by 4~6℃, and the cooling range in parts of western and southern Gansu, Hetao area of Inner Mongolia and northwestern Shaanxi will reach 8 ~ 10. There will be 4~6 northerly winds and 7~8 gusts in the above areas (see Figure 1). The Central Meteorological Observatory continued to issue the gale cooling forecast at 06: 00 on November 10th.

　　Figure 1 National gale cooling forecast chart (08: 00 on November 10th-08: 00 on December 12th)

　　Affected by cold and warm air, there will be a wide range of rain and snow weather in the central and eastern regions from the 10th to the 12th, with heavy rain in parts of Shaanxi, south-central Shanxi, central and northeastern Hebei and south-central Liaoning. There are heavy snowstorms in parts of central and southeastern Inner Mongolia, northern Liaoning, Jilin and southeastern Heilongjiang.

　　There is heavy fog in Huanghuai and other places in North China

　　It is estimated that from the morning of November 10th to the morning, there will be foggy weather with visibility less than 1km in parts of eastern Beijing, Tianjin, northeastern and southern Hebei, southeastern Shanxi, northwestern and southern Shandong, Jiangsu, eastern Anhui, Shanghai, northern Zhejiang, central and northern Shaanxi, Hetao area of Inner Mongolia, etc. Among them, visibility is less than 500km in parts of southern Tianjin, northern Jiangsu, northeastern Anhui, Shanghai, northern Zhejiang and Hetao area of Inner Mongolia. The Central Meteorological Observatory continued to issue a foggy yellow warning at 06: 00 on November 10.

　　Specific forecast for the next three days

　　From 08: 00 on November 10 to 08: 00 on November 11, there were small to medium snow or sleet and local heavy snow in parts of western and northeastern Inner Mongolia, northwestern Heilongjiang, eastern and northern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, central and eastern Gansu and northern Ningxia. There are small to moderate rains in Hetao area of Inner Mongolia, Liaoning, south-central Gansu, most of Ningxia, Shaanxi, Shanxi, southwestern Hebei, western and northern Henan, Sichuan Basin and eastern Zhejiang, among which there is heavy rain (25 ~ 45 mm) in parts of northwestern Shaanxi. There are 4 ~ 6 winds in parts of eastern Xinjiang, most of Inner Mongolia, Hexi in Gansu and Ningxia (see Figure 2).

　　Figure 2 National Precipitation Forecast Chart (08: 00 on November 10th-08: 00 on November 11th)

　　From 08: 00 on November 11th to 08: 00 on the 12th, there were small to medium snow or sleet in parts of Inner Mongolia, Heilongjiang, western Jilin, eastern and southern Qinghai, central and southern Gansu, Ningxia, northwestern Shaanxi and northern Hebei, among which there were heavy snowstorms (10 ~ 19 mm) in parts of central and eastern Inner Mongolia and western Jilin. There are small to moderate rains in the eastern and southern parts of Northeast China, south-central North China, eastern Northwest China, Huanghuai, Jianghan and Sichuan Basin, among which there are heavy rains (25-45 mm) in parts of central Jilin, western Liaoning, southwestern Shaanxi, north-central Hebei, northeastern Beijing and southwestern Shandong. There are 4 ~ 6 winds in most parts of Inner Mongolia, Northeast China, Huanghuai and other places (see Figure 3).

　　Figure 3 National Precipitation Forecast Chart (08: 00 on November 11th-08: 00 on December 12th)

　　From 08: 00 on November 12 to 08: 00 on November 13, there were small to medium snow or sleet in parts of eastern Heilongjiang, central and eastern Jilin, central and northern Liaoning, southern Qinghai, northern and eastern Tibet, and northern Sichuan Plateau. Among them, there were heavy snowstorms (10-19 mm) in parts of southeastern Heilongjiang and central and eastern Jilin. There are small to moderate rains in parts of the south of Northeast China, the southeast of Northwest China, Huanghuai, Jianghuai, Jianghan, northern Jiangnan, eastern Southwest China, Hainan Island, etc. Among them, there are heavy rains (25 ~ 35 mm) in parts of eastern Liaoning and northeastern Chongqing. There are 4 ~ 7 winds in parts of central Inner Mongolia, Liaoning, northern Hunan and northern Zhejiang (see Figure 4). There are 7 ~ 8 strong winds in Bohai Sea.

　　Figure 4 National Precipitation Forecast Chart (08: 00 on November 12-08: 00 on November 13)

　　Influence and concern

　　From the night of 1.9 to the 13th, strong cold air continued to affect our country, with strong winds cooling in the central and eastern regions and large-scale rain and snow in the north, and we were concerned about the adverse effects on traffic, urban operation, human health and energy supply.

　　2.10-11 Fog or haze weather and its influence in Huanghuai and other places in North China;

　　3. Pay attention to the development trend of meteorological drought in Jiangnan and northern South China;

　　4 forest and grassland and urban and rural fire prevention meteorological services.