Not long ago, YTO Express outlets "burst positions" and couriers were "poached" to deliver food, which led to no delivery, which aroused widespread concern in society. Behind the "unstable people’s hearts" of enterprises are the deep-seated reasons such as the low freight commission of couriers and insufficient protection.
Insiders "broke the news": 90% of the more than 1 million express delivery employees have no labor contract, five insurances and one gold. Is this the case? What is the reason for it With the rapid development of the industry, the battle for human capital among enterprises is heating up. Does it help to improve the security level of couriers? Our reporter conducted an investigation and interview.
— — Editor
On the streets of Beijing with a cold wind of level 4 at MINUS 3 degrees Celsius, Zhang Nan, the younger brother of Zhongtong, is busy sorting the express delivery according to the mobile phone number and laying it flat on the ground for customers to collect it. "This is not much. When I am at most, I have sent 280 orders a day, and it is more common to climb hundreds of floors." Zhang Nan rubbed his frozen red hands and said.
The data shows that in 2016, the business volume of national express service enterprises totaled 31.28 billion pieces, up 51.4% year-on-year. By the beginning of 2016, there were about 1.183 million first-line couriers nationwide. After the Spring Festival, the abnormal operation of individual express terminal outlets and the backlog of express mail have once again triggered public discussion on the living environment and labor security of grassroots couriers. What is their current situation of labor insurance? How to treat your labor protection rights and interests? The reporter conducted an investigation and interview on this.
"The market is like this, if there is no, there will be no"
It is not easy for a courier to have social security.
"The couriers around me have not signed a labor contract, and the company has not paid social security. The market is like this. If there is no, there will be no embarrassment." Master Song, a courier of Tongda Department who works in Yichun, Jiangxi, said. The reporter found that except for SF Express, EMS and other direct-operated companies, most of the outlets of express delivery companies adopt the franchise mode, and the labor rights and interests of couriers working in franchise outlets are often difficult to be guaranteed. In Guangzhou, where the express delivery business volume ranks first in the country, the recruitment website was opened to inquire about the recruitment information of local couriers. Only 11 of the 50 selected articles promised to provide social security, and the positions were mainly from SF, Debon, Century Excellence, etc. Other companies generally only provided food and shelter.
"Although I didn’t pay five risks, the boss is very kind. I bought accident insurance and will take care of it if something goes wrong. Last time I was near Baishiqiao, I made a phone call and the boss came. I just continued to send the courier. " Song Hao, a 29-year-old courier who came to Beijing from Hubei, told reporters. Wang Zhenlong, who works in another courier company, is not so lucky: "If something happens on the road, he usually pays for it himself, and the company doesn’t care." The labor contract is missing, and the five insurances are not guaranteed. For these couriers, it seems that only the boss’s character can be relied on.
In contrast, Li Le, a JD.COM distributor in Chaoyang District, Beijing, is a "lucky dog". The company paid five insurances and one gold in full, and bought additional commercial insurance. He came from Handan, Hebei Province and worked for one year, and his monthly after-tax salary was about 8,000 yuan. "I am very satisfied with my current job, with good salary and social security. Many fellow villagers want to come." Li Le said. The relevant person in charge of JD.COM Group told the reporter that all the distributors in JD.COM are full-time employees of the company. In 2016, the Group paid more than 2.7 billion yuan in five insurances and one gold for its employees, including grassroots couriers.
"I am more willing to work for a day and get a day’s money."
No social security becomes the "hidden rule" of express delivery industry
The reporter also found in the interview that not every courier brother is willing to pay social security. "It is money to get what you have." Gu Ze, a 31-year-old SF Express courier, said he would rather save the social security fee.
"The express delivery business is highly mobile and unstable. If the outlets don’t make money, they will change companies. I have changed two or three express delivery companies before. What do you need a contract for? I prefer to work for a day and get a day’s money. " In the view of Zhang Haoze, a city 100 courier, signing a contract to pay social security has become a constraint. Not signing a contract or paying social security seems to be an "open secret" in the express delivery industry.
One of the main reasons is the high mobility and instability mentioned by Zhang Haoze. The National Research Report on Socialized E-commerce Logistics Practitioners shows that 44.2% of site couriers have an average working life of 1-mdash; Between three years. "Some couriers believe that signing a contract to pay social security is not convenient for job hopping; For enterprises, it will undoubtedly increase labor costs. " Shi Fumao, executive director of Beijing Zhicheng Legal Aid and Research Center for Migrant Workers, said that this has also led to the default "hidden rules" of some employers and employees.
The data shows that nearly 80% of the couriers are rural people. Some of them have already participated in the new rural cooperative medical system and new rural insurance in their hometown, and they are not willing to participate in urban social security. Many couriers don’t understand that although the social security payment is higher than the new rural cooperative medical system and the new rural insurance, the corresponding treatment is also higher. When they are old and sick, social security can give them better economic compensation and living security. Therefore, it is still meaningful to popularize the corresponding social security payment policy to couriers.
But in reality, the courier group’s understanding of labor insurance rights and interests is not very clear. Even those who pay social security, they don’t know what kind of insurance they are paying. Many courier brothers don’t know that they can get a pension in the city after paying social security for 15 years and reaching retirement age. Some even think that they must work in the same company after paying social security for 15 years, which is why they don’t pay much attention to social security.
The low profit of express delivery outlets and the heavy burden of social security payment are also one of the reasons. At present, the overall competition in the express delivery industry is fierce, the profit rate of the franchise outlets is declining, and the operating pressure is great. "For the express headquarters, direct operation is a pro-son, and joining is a godson." According to industry insiders, franchisees need to be responsible for their own profits and losses. The cost of face-to-face fees, delivery fees and transit fees handed over to the headquarters is not low, and there are still various fines to bear. On the other hand, the social security payment pressure of enterprises is not small. Bai Chongen, vice president of Tsinghua University Institute of Economics and Management, introduced at the 50-person forum on China’s economy held recently that China’s social security contribution accounts for 49% of corporate profits, which is the "big head" of corporate tax burden.
"We are also carrying our teeth. At present, the gross profit margin is about 7% and 8%. Last year ‘ Double 11’ Many franchise stores have closed down because of fines, and the pressure to pay social security is indeed relatively large. " Qian Yunmao, the head of a branch of Baishi Express in Beijing, is also very helpless.
Although enterprises have difficulties, according to the law, a written labor contract should be concluded to establish labor relations. For acts such as not signing labor contracts and paying social security according to law, there are also corresponding labor security supervision institutions responsible for supervision. However, at present, there are about 28,000 labor security inspectors in China, and there are 43.648 million employers in China. On average, each labor security inspector has to supervise more than 1,500 employers. The lack of grassroots supervision and law enforcement personnel makes it difficult for the existing labor security supervision forces to effectively undertake law enforcement tasks. "The labor inspection of small express outlets can only rely on reporting, and it is often accurate." The staff of the human society department told the reporter.
Credit rating and industry "reshuffle" forced to standardize employment.
Let the courier be physically and mentally in the city.
"The company must pay social security, and I won’t go without paying it. Otherwise, a serious illness is coming, and it is really necessary to use the savings to sell houses and land! " Zhou Pu, a courier from Mianyang, Sichuan, is very determined about this. He is the only courier that the reporter met in the interview who is clear and insists on his labor rights and interests. He found his current job after the collapse of the courier company that had worked for five years before. "No unit to pay social security during that time, I pay for myself, don’t want to break. I heard that I have participated in the pension insurance payment in Beijing for 10 years and accumulated for 15 years. Foreigners can also retire in Beijing. I am looking forward to this now. " Zhou Pu said.
In addition to long-term medical and pension considerations, Shi Fumao believes that not signing contracts and not paying social security is not conducive to the formation of long-term and stable labor relations. "The courier has no sense of belonging and stays at will; Companies are also unwilling to make efforts to train employees, which makes it difficult to improve efficiency and service quality. In the long run, it will easily lead to conflicts between labor and capital, and increase the cost of workers’ rights protection and social security. " Shi Fumao said.
Without labor contracts and social security, it may be okay to have a rainy day when they are young, but what should they do when they are old and sick? How to give the courier a more practical future?
The key is to standardize the employment behavior of express delivery companies. Experts pointed out that for courier companies that have formed a stable labor relationship with couriers, signing contracts and paying social security are the responsibilities clearly stipulated by law. Enterprises should take the initiative to strengthen this "bond" with employees for the sake of retaining people and building brands. At the same time, the human and social departments also need to strengthen the labor supervision of grassroots franchise outlets. In view of the lack of law enforcement personnel at the grass-roots level and the lack of labor security supervision power, since January 1 this year, China has evaluated the integrity level of labor security compliance for enterprises. Among them, the situation of concluding labor contracts with workers, participating in various social insurances and paying social insurance premiums will be used as the evaluation basis. According to the relevant regulations, the human and social departments will establish a credit information exchange and sharing mechanism with industry and commerce, finance, housing and urban construction, taxation and other departments and trade union organizations, and implement joint incentives for trustworthiness and joint punishment for dishonesty, which will force express delivery companies to strengthen labor security for employees.
The courier’s own awareness of labor rights protection also needs to be strengthened. "At present, couriers don’t understand their rights and interests, and they don’t know what institutions to look for to defend their rights." Shi Fumao suggested that if enterprises do not sign labor contracts, couriers should pay attention to preserving relevant evidence to prove the existence of factual labor relations, so as to protect their rights in case of labor disputes.
People in the industry have called for the explosive growth of the express delivery industry for many years, so the franchise outlets have grown rapidly. However, the upstream and downstream price cuts of e-commerce and users have made it difficult for franchisees to operate, and it is indeed difficult to provide employees with perfect social security. This industry has made a great contribution to solving the employment problem, hoping to appropriately reduce the social security rate of enterprises or give other preferential policies.
Zhao Guojun, director of the Postal Development Research Center of Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, believes that in the long run, express delivery services should form more differentiated market segments, give more choices to users, and users will force enterprises to transform and develop. Users choose enterprises, which will make enterprises pay more attention to the selection and training of express delivery personnel, sign standardized contracts with them and provide corresponding insurance and treatment.
"I still hope to have social security, so that when I am in the city, my heart feels in the city." When the reporter said goodbye, Song Hao, who was still busy sending the pieces, said.
