Xinhua News Agency "China Net" reporter Zhu Guoliang Lu Huadong Zhang Zhanpeng

　　2017 Spring Festival travel rush officially kicked off on 13th. There is such a group of people who are not afraid of hardship, filth and loneliness. In their ordinary posts, they silently contribute their own strength to Spring Festival travel rush.

　　Race against time "Water Dragon King"

　　His name is Wan Dongzhou, and he is 59 years old. He is an ordinary Sheung Shui worker in the Sheung Shui Group of Nanjing Railway Station passenger workshop. Since joining the Sheung Shui Group in 1986, he has worn out a pair of liberation shoes on average in two months, and is affectionately called the "water dragon king" who can run best.

　　"K1557 arrives at the station and is ready to go to the water." At 14: 23, an "order" to add water to the train came from the intercom. Upon hearing the order, Create immediately picked up gloves and greeted the other three workers to "run" to K1557.

　　Although the Sheung Shui team is only 500 meters away from where the train stops, Create and his team still walk very fast. "K1557 only stops for 13 minutes. Except for the time spent on walking, pulling the water pipe, screwing the water tank and opening the gate, there is not much time left for us to add water. We must race against time." Wan Dongzhou said.

　　Starting from the first carriage, Lao Wanyi walked all the way to insert the hose into the water injection port of the train, skillfully opened the gate and flushed the hose, and then turned back to pull out the hose after the water was filled. In less than 10 minutes, Create had filled all the water in four carriages.

　　During his stay in Spring Festival travel rush, Create and his colleagues each had to add water to 50 trains and nearly 200 carriages every day, running back and forth for more than 40 kilometers. At the busiest time, trains came one after another, and Create didn’t even have time to stop for a drink.

　　"On the track during the night shift in winter ‘ Through flow ’ Very big, when adding water, the ear hurts like a knife. " Create said that 40% of the people in their Sheung Shui group had frostbite in their ears. If it is raining and snowing, and the road is frozen, it is also common to "wrestle" at night.

　　This year, Spring Festival travel rush is the last Spring Festival travel rush before Create retires, and he will continue to "run" for thousands of tourists in Qian Qian in this Spring Festival travel rush.

　　A garbage porter who is not afraid of dirty and smelly

　　At 14: 50, "Didi Didi", an electric car horn sounded from a small bungalow opposite the water adding group at Nanjing Station. The driver of the electric car is Li Mingde, the guide of the sanitary class in the equipment workshop of Nanjing Railway Station. He is telling his "old partner" Wu Lailin to collect garbage together with his "horn code".

　　Hearing the horn, Wu Lailin trotted all the way, quickly got on Li Mingde’s electric car and began to collect garbage. After crossing a section of track in front of the yard, the electric car slowly drove onto the No.1 platform where the train stopped, while Wu Lailin kept getting off the bus and put the garbage bags that had just been dropped from the train into the electric car. Sometimes there were many garbage bags, and the driver Li Mingde would come down to help Lao Wu carry the garbage together.

　　Because there are many people on the platform, in the process of collecting garbage, the battery car must drive slowly, and it has to stop when there are people in front, and then it can continue to move after the passengers pass. In this way, two people got off the train 30 times, and it took nearly 40 minutes to clean up the garbage of three trains.

　　After the electric car returned to the garbage transfer station with "full load", Wu Lailin’s work did not end. He also has to unload the garbage bags from the car one by one. In this process, in addition to enduring the pungent stench, the garbage water flowing out of those garbage bags that are not tied tightly or punctured will be "poured" on the body from time to time.

　　During Spring Festival travel rush, the trains passing Nanjing Station left an average of 24 tons of garbage every day. At the peak, cleaning staff like Lao Wu ran back and forth with the battery car for more than 30 times every day, loading and unloading more than 400 garbage bags. "It doesn’t matter if we are dirty and tired, as long as the passengers’ carriages are clean." Lao Wu said.

21st century business herald reporter sha li reports from Beijing. On the afternoon of January 8, the State Council held a press conference to introduce the situation and work arrangement of Spring Festival travel rush in 2025.

The reporter learned from the press conference that the Spring Festival travel rush in 2025 will last for 40 days from January 14th to February 22nd. Transportation and other departments predict that during the period of Spring Festival travel rush, the cross-regional mobility of the whole society will reach 9 billion passengers, and the passenger traffic of railways and civil aviation is expected to exceed 510 million passengers and 90 million passengers respectively, both reaching record highs. Self-driving travel will remain the dominant position, with an estimated 7.2 billion person-times, accounting for about 80% of the cross-regional flow of people in the whole society, and the peak of expressway traffic volume may reach a record high in a single day.

Li Chunlin, deputy director of the National Development and Reform Commission, said at the press conference that this year’s Spring Festival is earlier than in previous years, and there will be a superposition of students, workers, visiting relatives and tourists around the Spring Festival, with a high concentration. Urban agglomerations such as Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao and Chengdu-Chongqing are still the main concentration areas of passenger flow. Considering that the transportation in Spring Festival travel rush will be upgraded to full capacity in a short time, there is great pressure on ensuring smooth flow, safety, preventing bad weather and coordinating passenger and cargo transportation.

In this regard, Li Chunlin said that the National Development and Reform Commission, in conjunction with relevant departments, studied and planned as early as possible and comprehensively adopted a number of measures to meet the travel needs of residents, including increasing transportation capacity, guiding travel, ensuring smooth flow and optimizing services.

The railway sent 12.75 million passengers every day.

The starting time of Spring Festival travel rush in 2025 is 12 days earlier than that of Spring Festival travel rush in 2024, and the train tickets for Spring Festival travel rush have been put on sale. On the morning of January 8th, some netizens reported that the 12306 mobile APP could not log in normally, and "12306 crashed" rushed to Weibo for hot search. After emergency disposal by the technical team, the APP has resumed normal operation.

The reporter learned from the press conference that the number of passengers sent by railways in Spring Festival travel rush this year is expected to exceed 510 million, with an average of 12.75 million passengers per day, an increase of 5.5% compared with that in Spring Festival travel rush in 2024.

Zhu Wenzhong, head of China State Railway Group Co.,Ltd. Passenger Transport Department, said at the press conference that the overall passenger flow of Spring Festival travel rush Railway will increase steadily in 2025; The passenger flow will still show obvious one-way characteristics, but the reverse passenger flow will further increase; In some periods and directions of peak passenger flow in Spring Festival travel rush, such as from Guangzhou-Shenzhen area to Changsha, Wuhan and Chengdu-Chongqing before the Spring Festival, there is still a contradiction between traffic volume and transportation capacity.

In this regard, Zhu Wenzhong pointed out that China State Railway Group Co.,Ltd. has made great efforts to increase the capacity in the direction of concentrated passenger flow in Spring Festival travel rush, make overall arrangements for trains in the direction of non-concentrated passenger flow, maintain the scale of ordinary passenger trains, and run public welfare "slow trains" and "rural revitalization" passenger trains. More than 14,000 passenger trains are arranged every day, which can add about 500,000 seats every day, and the passenger capacity increases by about 4% year-on-year.

Zhu Wenzhong further mentioned that before the Spring Festival, in areas with concentrated passenger flow such as Beijing, Shanghai-Nanjing-Hangzhou and Guangzhou-Shenzhen, China State Railway Group Co.,Ltd. arranged to operate 1,724 pairs of long-distance passenger trains every day, an increase of 64 pairs year-on-year; At the peak of passenger flow, 329 pairs of long-distance high-speed trains were arranged at night, an increase of 38 pairs over the same period of last year. After the Spring Festival, 871 pairs of long-distance passenger trains were arranged daily in Chengdu-Chongqing, Wuhan, Nanchang, Hunan and other areas with concentrated passenger flow, an increase of 46 pairs year-on-year; At the peak of passenger flow, 170 pairs of long-distance high-speed trains were arranged at night, an increase of 31 pairs.

Zhu Wenzhong pointed out that according to the travel needs of passengers, China State Railway Group Co.,Ltd. has continuously improved its service measures, such as optimizing the functions of the 12306 system, scientifically formulating ticketing strategies, optimizing the pre-filling function of ticketing information, increasing the ticketing services for students and migrant workers, and ensuring the travel of key groups.

Self-driving travel accounts for about 80%

This year, the cross-regional mobility of people in Spring Festival travel rush is expected to hit a new record high, of which 80% will pass through expressways and ordinary national and provincial highways, making self-driving travel more prominent, which may form a travel peak.

In this regard, Wang Qiang, director of the Traffic Management Bureau of the Ministry of Public Security, said at the press conference that in order to ensure residents’ travel during Spring Festival travel rush, the Ministry of Public Security has started relevant work and made a series of arrangements, especially for passenger and cargo transportation, self-driving travel and other traffic safety issues. Specifically includes the following aspects.

The first is to comprehensively investigate and manage potential safety hazards. The Ministry of Public Security has deployed and launched a nationwide public security system to prevent production safety risks, and jointly with relevant departments, comprehensively investigated the traffic safety hazards of people, vehicles, roads and enterprises, prohibited unqualified vehicles and unqualified drivers from participating in Spring Festival travel rush, and promoted the hidden dangers management of bridges and tunnels, sharp bends and steep slopes, water and cliffs, highway entrances and exits and accident-prone points. At the same time, the Ministry of Public Security has also deployed targeted traffic management measures for the peak hours of road traffic, such as from off-year to New Year’s Eve in 2025, visiting relatives and visiting the garden during the Spring Festival holiday, and returning home after the Spring Festival holiday.

Second, the whole police mobilized to escort Spring Festival travel rush safely. During the period of Spring Festival travel rush, local public security traffic control departments will set up traffic police law enforcement stations at busy traffic points, and put police force and emergency disposal equipment on the road to the maximum extent. The national traffic police auxiliary police will focus on key time periods, key road sections and key vehicles, strictly investigate traffic violations that are easy to cause trouble and disrupt traffic order, and make every effort to ensure safe and smooth road traffic.

The third is to provide maximum security for safe travel services. During the period of Spring Festival travel rush, especially during the peak hours of concentrated travel, the public security traffic police will rely on various media, as well as new means and applications such as dual micro platforms and map navigation, and timely release information such as road information, traffic guidance and safety tips to guide residents to cooperate with the road guidance.

During the period of Spring Festival travel rush, many residents also chose new energy vehicles to travel by car. In this regard, Gao Bo, head of the Transportation Service Department of the Ministry of Transport, said that by the end of November 2024, the national expressway service areas (including parking areas) had built a total of 33,100 charging piles and 49,300 charging parking spaces, and the proportion of expressway service areas with charging facilities had increased from 85% at the end of 2023 to 97%. Except for a few high-altitude service areas, it has basically achieved full coverage.

Detailed guidelines for handling personal foreign exchange account limit inquiry in banks

In today’s global economic environment, personal foreign exchange business is becoming more and more frequent. Understanding the personal foreign exchange account limit is very important for rational planning of fund use. The following is a detailed introduction to the relevant procedures and precautions for handling personal foreign exchange account limit inquiry in the bank.

First of all, you can choose to go to the bank’s business outlets for inquiry. Make sure to bring valid identification documents, such as ID card and passport, before going. After arriving at the bank, you can inquire in the following ways:

1. Consult the counter staff: explain your requirements to the counter staff, and they will provide you with accurate personal foreign exchange account limit information.

2. Use self-service terminals: Some banks have self-service terminals. You can follow the prompts on the screen and enter relevant identity information for inquiry.

In addition, you can also inquire through the bank’s online banking or mobile banking. These two methods are convenient and efficient, and there is no need to go to business outlets.

If you choose online banking, after logging into your account, look for the option of personal foreign exchange account limit inquiry in the relevant foreign exchange business section. Usually, banks will clearly display relevant information on the interface.

For mobile banking, the operation process is similar. Open the mobile banking application, find the relevant entrance of foreign exchange business in the menu, and then make a quota inquiry.

It should be noted that different banks may have different inquiry methods and interfaces, but the general process is similar. In addition, the personal foreign exchange account limit is not fixed, which may be affected by the adjustment of the national foreign exchange management policy and your personal credit status.

The following is a list of personal foreign exchange account limits of some common banks (the data are for reference only, subject to the actual regulations of banks):

In short, you can easily check the personal foreign exchange account limit in the bank through the above methods. Timely understanding and reasonable arrangement of foreign exchange business will help you to better manage funds and international economic activities.

[Disclaimer] This article only represents the author’s own views and has nothing to do with Hexun. Hexun.com is neutral about the statements and opinions in this article, and does not provide any express or implied guarantee for the accuracy, reliability or completeness of the contents. Readers are requested for reference only, and please take full responsibility. Email: news_center@staff.hexun.com.

Special feature of 1905 film network June 20th is the last day of the 24th Shanghai International Film Festival. As in previous years, Wang Jiayan, the film reviewer, will leave the film festival office on the 20th floor of Yihai Building to finish his annual film review and arrangement for half a year.

Wang Jiayan wears a pair of glasses. He is kind, smiling and approachable. Weibo nicknamed him "the four-eyed old king", and everyone knows him among Shanghai fans.

On the day of visiting Lao Wang, the film festival entered the fourth day, which coincided with the Dragon Boat Festival, and most of my colleagues went home for vacation. There is no extra venue this year, and the colleague in charge of the on-site viewing is also responsible for it. He said it would be easier than before, but as long as the film festival is still going on, he will stick to his post and finish it until the closing.

Every year at the beginning of the year, he will come here to review the films first and then arrange them. From participating in the preparation of the first film festival in 1993 to taking over the film arrangement in 1999, Lao Wang served the film festival for nearly 30 years and arranged films for the audience for more than 20 years. Inadvertently in the interview, he murmured, "I am the first person in the world to arrange films."

Working more than 12 hours a day, just for the perfect schedule.

Before the film schedule was released, Lao Wang would come to the office at 6: 30 every morning, and he was the only one in the whole building.

"In a quiet environment, you can calm down and arrange." He said that in previous years, you had to work until 10 o’clock and 11 o’clock every night. Now you have an assistant and get off work a little early at 8 o’clock and 9 o’clock. "You can’t solve the problem of reviewing films without spending these hours."

Lao Wang’s office environment is small, with a desk, a computer, a thermos bottle, a teacup and stacks of printed proofreading tables.

Every year, the film schedule of the film festival was arranged by him and was born here.

This year, he watched a total of 833 films, and finally 405 films from 62 countries and regions were shown. These films will be distributed in 40 cinemas and 45 screens in 10 days, with a total of 1423 screenings.

On the 14th day from the opening of the film festival, Lao Wang said to himself on Weibo, "Come on, my last shot will make the film festival as gorgeous as summer flowers". On the eighth day of the countdown, he confidently wrote, "I am still strong after thousands of blows, and I will let the east, west, north and south wind."

On the evening of June 3rd, at the moment when the screening schedule was finally announced, he excitedly reported the good news to the eagerly awaited fans. "The schedule has been released, and it’s your turn to do your homework. Please forgive me for the poor schedule. I wish you all a happy June day."

Lao Wang is 72 years old this year, and he is full of ambition. Half a month before invoicing, he was able to receive most of the films that were confirmed to be shown, and began to arrange films intensively. The time was tight and the task was heavy. "One draft, two drafts and three drafts must be made, and finally the film arrangement table for the audience is already the third draft."

The job of arranging films seems simple, and the actual operation process needs to face many details, which requires a lot of care and patience.

"The first draft is the most horrible, basically roughly in a row. I know which films are put in the hall, the middle hall and the small hall, but in the end, I will find many problems. For example, movies from the same country may be lined up in this hall and less in that hall. The proportion of feature films, cartoons, documentaries, or Asian films, European films, and American films should also be balanced as much as possible. "

Every time he reviews films, Lao Wang will discuss with his colleagues which films should be placed in which theaters, and also ask the opinions of film research experts. After each film festival officially releases the exhibition list, he will also judge the fans’ preference according to the number of online clicks of the article.

Even after more than 20 years of accumulated experience, he still can’t accurately grasp one point — — Know what the audience wants to see.

"Most people can know, for example, it is hard to find a ticket for 4K repair. This kind of old movie is thought to be placed in a central hall, with about 200 or 300 people. It has been shown to the public, and it may not be seen by many people, and there is no big hall. As a result, it is all sold out. Some movies are arranged in the hall, but few people buy them. "

Every year, the films shown are different, and the audience’s preferences are different, which is always a variable. But Lao Wang will still make a summary every year. "Of course, we must keep learning and do it better. There is no end to this. There will be regrets every time, and there will be mistakes every time. This is normal and a challenge to yourself. "　

All the Excellence is to finally discharge a perfect film arrangement table.

Pursuing more reasonable, scientific and artistic film arrangement

When he first worked as a film arranger at the film festival, Lao Wang faced only a dozen cinemas and more than 100 films. "At that time, the film arranger was very simple and the requirements were not high." With the increasing number of films, cinemas and audiences, the difficulty of film arrangement has gradually increased.

To this end, the film festival specially designed a computer film arranging system to help him operate the film arranging. Until now, this system is still being revised. "Up to now, it has not fully met our requirements. Every time I think of new problems during operation, I will give feedback to the person who designed the system and constantly improve it according to the requirements. "

In the past three years, Lao Wang has trained a young apprentice to help with proofreading. It takes a long time to proofread hundreds of movies. With the help of his apprentice, he shared a lot of work that he had to do alone in the past. "Every movie must meet its screening requirements, such as time, ticket price, format, different film frames, and some theaters’ servers can’t be played yet. These must be proofread. In addition, it is necessary to cooperate with the time and place of the film meeting. "

Just a casual introduction lists a bunch of problems that should be paid attention to in proofreading. He said, "The requirements in all aspects are ever-changing."

Nowadays, the film arrangement schedule of the last film festival is more and more recognized by fans, thanks to the experience and lessons learned from history. There were two "accidents", which impressed Lao Wang deeply.

Once, on the same day and night, the same film was arranged in Tianshan Cinema and Yonghua Cinema. Because it was a film copy, the two films could not be shown at the same time. He had to take remedial measures to temporarily add three short films to Yonghua Cinema. After Tianshan Cinema was released, he sent a copy to Yonghua Cinema, which was a timely solution to the crisis of the film collision that night.

In the past, film scheduling did not consider the issue of copy security, and the film was directly scheduled after it was approved, which sometimes led to the problem of changing other films because the film copy had not arrived.

The most serious one happened in 2004, when the short-listed films in the Golden Goblet Awards main competition had not arrived by the opening day of the competition, so other films had to be temporarily shown, which caused dissatisfaction among the audience.

After this mistake, the sequence of film arrangement in the future can be readjusted. All copies of films that arrive in Shanghai safely are given priority to a few days before the screening, and films that do not arrive in copies are discharged later. Lao Wang has a strong heart. "These experiences are all derived from problems. Without these hardships, there would not be such a mature period today."

This year, I also made a little change in the film scheduling schedule. Originally, the screening time of the last movie every day was 9 pm, and Lao Wang strongly suggested that it be advanced to 8: 50.

"Don’t underestimate these 10 minutes. Often the audience will catch the subway after watching the movie, which is a minute or two away." Ten minutes in advance made his work more difficult. Because from 6: 30 to 8: 50 in the previous show, you can’t schedule movies that are too long.

Lao Wang said that being able to think more about the fans is the motivation of his work. "Arranging films is just putting them in the hall. The difficulty lies in arranging them well. All the time spent is to arrange it better, more reasonable, more scientific and more artistic. "

"From the first session to the present, I am alone."

Every year, on the billing day of the film festival, Lao Wang will come to SFC Shanghai Studios, the main venue. He used to be the deputy general manager here. He will come to see the ticket sales in the cinema and recommend good films to the audience who buy tickets offline.

Even if it is now completely online ticket sales, the lively crowds in the cinema on the invoicing day in previous years are no longer there, and Lao Wang will not be absent. On the same day every year, he will take a group photo with the film-arranging table back plate of the cinema. He said, "It’s a complex, and it’s a habit."

Wang Jiayan’s father is Wang Guangyan, a famous director of science and education films in China, and also the deputy director of classic films. This year is the centenary of the founding of the Party. The White-haired Girl was selected as the screening unit of "Hundred Years’ Journey Red Light and Shadow". Lao Wang said with a smile, "This year is the film made by my father, and my son will arrange the film."

Influenced by his father, Lao Wang has been a movie fan since he was a child. When he was young, he often contributed to the magazine Movie Story. He likes watching domestic films. This film festival was highly recommended by him. "Many post-80s and post-90s people don’t know who Liu Qing is, but our generation all know him and the History of Entrepreneurship he wrote. The whole picture and music of the film are very good, and the performance is also very good."

Lao Wang has a deep connection with film work. He first worked in Shanghai Film Distribution and Projection Company, transferred to Shanghai Studios in 1991, and participated in the preparations for the first Shanghai International Film Festival in 1993.

In the 30 years since the opening of Shanghai Studios, he has been a witness and promoter all the way. Every department after the establishment of the Shanghai Film Festival has also left his footprints and figures. "The first session I was mainly responsible for the film trading market, the second session was a large-scale event office, the third session I was the news department, and the fourth session was the film festival department. I have been filming since the fourth and fifth sessions. "

The film festival has been held for 24 sessions, and it has gone through 28 years. The first session will always be the most impressive memory of Lao Wang.

"After the first session was completed, the International Producers Association informed that this was already a Class A international film festival, when Wu Yigong (founder) shed tears." He remembers more clearly the difficulties he faced because of his lack of experience when he held the first session.

At that time, he was the head of the marketing department of the film festival. "We set up a trading market in Shanghai Studios under very simple circumstances. There are domestic film studios, and one or two foreign countries have come, so there are only a few booths, unlike hundreds now. "

He still remembers that the first judges watched the film with the audience in the first hall of the cinema. The judges sat in the tenth row with a long table in front. "At that time, I was late for the movie and couldn’t find a place, or I took him."

In the era when the internet is still underdeveloped, the exhibition list of the Shanghai Film Festival is conveyed to the audience by publishing newspapers. Lao Wang recalled that on the first day of ticket sales at the film festival, the audience lined up in the cinema. Many people sat in line all night, some came from other places, and some bought tickets for their children. They were very enthusiastic. "This kind of touch prompted me to do a good job and be worthy of fans."

"At that time, the movie ticket was simple, and the title was not written." "At that time, the movie was still translated at the same time, and someone was holding a microphone to translate for the audience." "At that time, I was working in the cinema, and my legs were weak every day, coordinating this thing and that activity. The meeting in the cinema was taken out by me alone, and I hosted the meeting and the meeting. " ……

Those years, those things, those people, have always been deeply branded in his heart.

"From the first session to the present, I am alone, there is no second person, and all the people have retired." Lao Wang feels that he still insists on the first line of film screening at the film festival because he likes movies and likes this job. The growing film festival department and team partners also gave him a lot of help.

The night before the interview, he went to Shanghai Studios again. A little girl just watched it and took pictures in the cinema. As soon as she turned around, she saw him and asked him to sign the movie ticket. "It’s worthless for me to sign it, but she is very happy."

This year’s film festival has ended, and Lao Wang has temporarily left his post. He may go out to travel and relax as in previous years. Not surprisingly, he will return to the office of the film festival early next year. Come at 6: 30 in the morning, turn on the computer, make a cup of tea, continue to review and arrange films, and try to send a better schedule to the fans who meet in Shanghai once a year.

The State Council Information Office held a press conference on July 13th. Huang Songping, spokesman of the General Administration of Customs, introduced the import and export of China’s foreign trade in the first half of this year. According to the statistics of the General Administration of Customs, the import and export of China’s goods in the first half of this year was 14.12 trillion yuan, up 7.9% year-on-year, and foreign trade continued to maintain a steady and good momentum.

　　Prospect of Dasher Gandhi Sewage Treatment Plant in Bangladesh. Deng Junheng

　　A data center in Ghana, Africa invested by Silk Road Fund. The data center is partially powered by photovoltaic. Photo courtesy of Paul Frankish

　　On April 13th, China-Laos Railway, which was mainly invested and built by China, opened international passenger trains from Kunming South Station in China and Vientiane Station in Laos in both directions, and the two places can be reached on the same day by train. The picture shows Lao staff performing for passengers on the train. Xinhua News Agency reporter Xing Guangli photo

　　Responsible for Kaileta, Guinea — Chinese and Guinean employees of the Su-Apithy Operation and Maintenance Project are carrying out survey work on the dam of Kaileta Hydropower Station. Both Kailetai and Su Apithy Hydropower Stations are financed by The Export-Import Bank of China and undertaken by China Water Conservancy and Electric Power Foreign Co., Ltd. Photo by Lu Zhao

　　The teaching, research and referral hospital project of Kenyatta University, supported by preferential loans provided by the government of China and undertaken by Jiangxi, China International Economic and Technical Cooperation Co., Ltd. Photo by Elijah

　　Priority section project of Heishan North-South Expressway supported by The Export-Import Bank of China and undertaken by China Road and Bridge Engineering Co., Ltd. Photo by Lu Xiaochao

　　Financing is an important support for building the "Belt and Road". Most of the countries building the "Belt and Road" are developing countries, and some countries have gaps in construction funds. The financing bottleneck is a prominent challenge to achieve interconnection. Over the past 10 years since the initiative of "Building the Belt and Road" was put forward, China has actively carried out various forms of financial cooperation with countries and relevant institutions, promoted the network layout of financial institutions and financial services, provided strong support for financial cooperation among countries, and also provided a sustainable and powerful impetus for building the "Belt and Road".

　　Investment and financing promote the sustainable development of national economy and society.

　　On October 2nd, in Indonesia, the Jakarta-Bandung High-speed Railway EMU, which was financed by China National Development Bank and jointly built by China and Indonesia, was officially opened. Indonesian President Joko said on his first trip to Jakarta-Bandung High-speed Railway that he felt very smooth and comfortable when the train was running at 350 kilometers per hour. As the flagship project of "One Belt, One Road" cooperation between China and Indonesia, after the official commercial operation of Jakarta-Bandung High-speed Railway, the fastest travel time between Jakarta and Bandung will be reduced from 3.5 hours to 40 minutes, which will bring convenience to people and further release the local economic development potential.

　　On July 13th, in Bangladesh, the completion ceremony was held for the Dasher Gandhi Sewage Treatment Plant project, which was provided with preferential loans by the government of China, financed by The Export-Import Bank of China and jointly built by China and Bangladesh. The project is the first modern large-scale sewage treatment plant in the country and the largest single sewage treatment plant in South Asia so far. As a key project under the framework of "One Belt, One Road" jointly built by China and Bangladesh, the project can treat the domestic sewage of 5 million residents in Dhaka, greatly improving the quality of life of local people. Bangladeshi Prime Minister Hasina said that a sustainable and high-quality modern sewage treatment system is essential for the long-term stability of urban water supply.

　　… … … …

　　In the past 10 years, the two-way investment between China and the co-construction countries has accumulated more than 380 billion US dollars, and more than 3,000 cooperation projects have been carried out to jointly build the "Belt and Road", which has boosted the investment scale of nearly one trillion US dollars. From carlot Hydropower Station in Pakistan to the first garbage power generation project in Bangkok, Thailand; From Abuja Metro Phase I Project in Nigeria to Boccara International Airport in Nepal … … With the support of Chinese investment and financing, many infrastructure, capacity cooperation and eco-environmental protection projects have taken root in building a country together, injecting vitality into the sustainable development of local economy and society and becoming "national landmarks", "livelihood projects" and "cooperation monuments".

　　As a pioneer and an important participant in the Belt and Road Initiative, China has provided important financing support for the high-quality co-construction of the Belt and Road Initiative. Taking China National Development Bank and The Export-Import Bank of China as examples, by the end of 2022, China National Development Bank had directly provided high-quality financial services for more than 1,300 Belt and Road projects, effectively playing the leading role of development finance, bringing together domestic and foreign funds to jointly build the Belt and Road; The balance of The Export-Import Bank of China’s "Belt and Road" loans reached 2.2 trillion yuan equivalent, covering more than 130 co-construction countries. The loan projects have accumulated more than 400 billion US dollars of investment and promoted more than 2 trillion US dollars of trade.

　　The Kenyan Monnet Railway, financed and built by the Chinese side, has driven the local economy to develop continuously, creating tens of thousands of jobs directly and indirectly. Stephen Ndegewa, head of the Kenyan South-South Cooperation Think Tank, said that all the financing loans provided by China to African countries were used to implement specific projects, which really benefited the local people.

　　The space for financial cooperation is expanding in depth.

　　Over the past 10 years, the Silk Road Fund funded by China and the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank established by China together with relevant countries have provided investment and financing support for hundreds of projects. The investment and financing channels for building the "Belt and Road" have been continuously broadened, the financial service system has been continuously improved, the supply of financial services has been continuously optimized, the investment and financing system and mechanism have been steadily innovated, the space for financial cooperation has been expanded in depth, and a diversified investment and financing system has been gradually established.

　　At present, the number of members of the AIIB has increased from 57 when it was founded to 109, from all over the world. As of October 10th this year, the AIIB has approved a total of 236 projects, with a total approved financing of over US$ 45 billion, driving capital of nearly US$ 150 billion, benefiting 36 members within and outside Asia, becoming a key member of the international multilateral governance system and an important financing platform to promote international development and jointly build the Belt and Road with high quality; Silk Road Fund provides important support for the investment and financing of the "Belt and Road" through a variety of investment and financing methods based on equity. By the end of June 2023, investment projects had spread to more than 60 countries and regions, and 75 investment projects had been signed, with a promised investment amount of about 22.04 billion US dollars; China signed a memorandum of cooperation with the World Bank, the Asian Development Bank and other international financial institutions, and jointly established a multilateral development and financing cooperation center with multilateral development banks, which effectively promoted the participation of market funds and gathered more capital dividends for the joint construction of the "Belt and Road" … …

　　In Tajikistan, key projects such as the municipal road and overpass construction project in Dushanbe, the highway modernization project from Dushanbe to neighboring Uzbekistan, and the Nurek hydropower station project have been comprehensively promoted due to the loan from the AIIB. Sevolo Safarov, former first deputy director of the Tajikistan President’s Strategic Research Center, said that the investment and financing projects of the AIIB directly target the weak links of infrastructure, which is conducive to stimulating local development vitality. "These projects have improved the living standards of local people and changed the country."

　　In the United Arab Emirates, Silk Road Fund participates in the investment of 700 MW photothermal and 250 MW photovoltaic solar power station projects in Dubai through cooperation with Dubai Hydropower Bureau and Saudi International Power and Water Company. After the project is fully put into production, it will provide clean electricity for 320,000 households. The relevant person in charge of Saudi International Power and Water Company said that the company and Silk Road Fund have been actively promoting multilateral cooperation. In November 2018, the two sides jointly invested and established a new energy investment cooperation platform, which provided strong support for many green energy projects such as wind power, photovoltaic and photothermal in West Asia and North Africa, and promoted the green development of countries and regions that jointly built the "Belt and Road".

　　In Nigeria, the third phase of the African Infrastructure Investment Fund (AIIF3), in which Silk Road Fund participated, provided financial support for Nigeria’s clean energy service platform. The platform provided clean energy solutions for business users by improving energy efficiency and renewable energy technologies, which is of great significance to countries with huge power supply needs such as Nigeria. At present, the platform business has expanded from Nigeria to many countries in Africa. Paul Frankish, head of investor relations at AIIF3, said: "The cooperation between Silk Road Fund and us is mutually beneficial and win-win. Both sides share the same investment philosophy, which will enable cooperation to provide more support for the future development of African countries."

　　Enhance the ability to jointly build national financial services.

　　Some major infrastructure projects planned to jointly build the "Belt and Road" countries have a large amount of money and a long term, involving many parties or even multinational entities, which is difficult for a single commercial bank in many emerging market countries to undertake completely alone.

　　As one of the results of the first Belt and Road International Cooperation Summit Forum, under the guidance of the People’s Bank of China, China Industrial and Commercial Bank initiated the establishment of the Belt and Road Inter-bank Normalization Cooperation Mechanism (BRBR Mechanism) to provide support for optimizing the financial supply structure, enhancing the national financial service capacity and promoting the international cooperation. Through this mechanism, member institutions can give full play to their respective advantages and form a joint force to jointly meet the needs of large-scale investment and financing.

　　In terms of investment and financing, the BRBR mechanism gives full play to the advantages of multilateral financial governance and mutually beneficial cooperation platforms, and promotes a large number of key projects to jointly build the Belt and Road Initiative to bear fruit. The renovation and capacity expansion project of Luasim Hydropower Station in Angola has brought clean energy to the local area, effectively alleviating the power shortage; The floating LNG project in kolar, Mozambique, has helped Mozambique become an LNG exporter … … The projects that benefit the people’s livelihood have improved the sense of gain and happiness of the people who build the country together.

　　In terms of capital market, ICBC and members of the BRBR mechanism have successfully issued seven BRBR green bonds, raising more than 14 billion US dollars, and actively playing the role of debt capital market in resource allocation in supporting the "Belt and Road" construction.

　　In terms of theoretical research and standard rules, the BRBR mechanism has published many research results, such as "Research Report on the Belt and Road Green Finance (Investment) Index" and "Research Report on Financial Information Disclosure in Transition", which provides important reference indicators and excellent practical experience for the investment decision of building the Belt and Road.

　　At the same time, the BRBR mechanism held a number of capacity-building and special training activities to strengthen capacity-building and rally consensus among members. By the end of September, 2023, the BRBR mechanism had been extended to 164 member and observer institutions in 71 countries and regions, which effectively promoted the open business interaction, symmetrical information exchange and effective allocation of funds among financial institutions in countries that jointly built the Belt and Road Initiative, and jointly improved their business capability and risk management level.

　　In the past 10 years, the financial cooperation mechanism for building the "Belt and Road" has become increasingly sound, and the ability to finance has been further improved. China, together with relevant parties, formulated the Guiding Principles for the Belt and Road Financing and issued the Analysis Framework for the Sustainability of the Belt and Road Debt, which provides guidance for the joint construction of the Belt and Road financing cooperation. China has signed bilateral local currency swap agreements with 20 co-construction countries, and established RMB clearing arrangements in 17 co-construction countries. The number of participants, business volume and influence of RMB cross-border payment system have gradually increased, and the scale of local currency swap and cross-border settlement has continued to expand, effectively promoting trade and investment facilitation. At the same time, the financial supervision cooperation between China and the Co-construction countries has been continuously strengthened, a regional efficient supervision coordination mechanism has been established, the framework of financial crisis management and disposal has been improved, and the ability to jointly cope with financial risks has been improved.

Does the shareholder bear joint and several liability if he transfers his equity without making a full contribution?

How much do you know about the law?

Case review

Defendant Zhang and outsiders Wu Mou and Fu established Company A in 2015, with a registered capital of 5 million, and the time of contribution was May 31, 2017, when Zhang was the legal representative. Defendant Zhang holds 80% of the shares, while Wu Mou and Fu each hold 10%. On August 31, 2016, Fu transferred all 10% of his shares to the defendant Zhang, and at that time, the defendant Zhang held 90% of the shares, and the subscription time was June 4, 2017. On January 20, 2020, the legal person of Company A was changed from Zhang to Yu. On January 20, August 11 and August 14, 2020, the defendant Zhang transferred 66% of the company’s shares to the defendant Yu, and transferred 10% of the shares to the defendant Yu on November 27, 2020.

After a company entered bankruptcy proceedings due to insolvency, the company sued Zhang, Yu and Yu to fulfill their shareholders’ capital contribution obligations.

court decision

According to Article 88 of the Company Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC), if a major shareholder fails to pay the capital contribution according to the date stipulated in the articles of association or the actual price of non-monetary property as capital contribution is significantly lower than the subscribed capital contribution, the transferor and transferee shall bear joint and several liabilities within the scope of insufficient capital contribution; If the transferee does not know and should not know of the above situation, the transferor shall bear the responsibility. "the Supreme People’s Court on the application of

<中华人民共和国公司法>Provisions on Several Issues (III) Paragraph 2 of Article 13 stipulates: "If the creditors of the company request the shareholders who have not fulfilled or have not fully fulfilled their capital contribution obligations to bear supplementary liability for the unpaid part of the company’s debts within the scope of unpaid principal and interest, the people’s court shall support it; Shareholders who have not fulfilled or fully fulfilled their capital contribution obligations have assumed the above responsibilities, and if other creditors make the same request, the people’s court will not support it. " The above-mentioned legal provisions apply to the situation that the shareholder’s capital contribution period has expired and the shareholder has the capital contribution obligation, but the shareholder fails to perform or fails to fully perform the capital contribution obligation.

In this case, when Zhang transferred the equity, his subscription period expired and the relevant funds have not been paid in full, and Yu and Yu did not pay the corresponding funds in full after the transfer of the equity, so Zhang, Yu and Yu should all bear the obligation and responsibility of capital contribution.

Judge’s statement

On July 1st, 2024, the Company Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) was formally implemented. What are the obligations of shareholders of a limited liability company?

The new Company Law has the following provisions:

Article 47 The registered capital of a limited liability company is the capital contribution subscribed by all shareholders registered with the company registration authority. The capital contribution subscribed by all shareholders shall be fully paid by shareholders within five years from the date of establishment of the company in accordance with the articles of association.

Where laws, administrative regulations and the State Council’s decision have other provisions on the paid-in registered capital, minimum registered capital and investment period of shareholders, those provisions shall prevail.

Article 48 Shareholders may make capital contributions in currency, or in kind, intellectual property rights, land use rights, stock rights, creditor’s rights and other non-monetary properties that can be valued in currency and can be transferred according to law. However, except for the property that cannot be used as capital contribution as stipulated by laws and administrative regulations.

Non-monetary property as capital contribution shall be appraised and verified, and the valuation shall not be overestimated or underestimated. Where laws and administrative regulations provide for evaluation and pricing, such provisions shall prevail.

Article 49 Shareholders shall pay their respective subscribed capital contributions in full and on time as stipulated in the Articles of Association.

Where shareholders make capital contributions in cash, they shall deposit their capital contributions in full into the account opened by the limited liability company in the bank; Where capital contribution is made by non-monetary property, the procedures for the transfer of property rights shall be handled according to law.

Where a shareholder fails to pay his capital contribution in full on time, he shall be liable for the losses caused to the company in addition to paying it in full.

Article 50 When a limited liability company is established, if a shareholder fails to actually contribute capital in accordance with the articles of association, or the actual value of the non-monetary property actually contributed is significantly lower than the subscribed capital contribution, other shareholders at the time of establishment shall be jointly and severally liable with the shareholder within the scope of insufficient capital contribution.

Article 52 If a shareholder fails to pay the capital contribution according to the date stipulated in the Articles of Association, and the company issues a written reminder for the capital contribution according to the first paragraph of the preceding article, the grace period for the capital contribution may be specified; The grace period shall not be less than 60 days from the date when the company issues the reminder. After the grace period expires, if the shareholder still fails to fulfill the obligation of capital contribution, the company may issue a notice of loss of rights to the shareholder upon the resolution of the board of directors, and the notice shall be issued in writing. Since the date of issuance of the notice, the shareholder has lost his unpaid equity.

The equity lost in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph shall be transferred according to law, or the registered capital shall be reduced accordingly and the equity shall be cancelled; If it is not transferred or cancelled within six months, the other shareholders of the company shall pay the corresponding capital contribution in full in proportion to their capital contribution.

If a shareholder disagrees with the loss of rights, he shall bring a lawsuit to the people’s court within 30 days from the date of receiving the notice of loss of rights.

Article 54 If the company is unable to pay off the debts due, the company or the creditors with due creditor’s rights have the right to require the shareholders who have subscribed for the capital contribution but have not reached the capital contribution deadline to pay the capital contribution in advance.

Article 51 After the establishment of a limited liability company, the board of directors shall check the capital contribution of the shareholders. If it is found that the shareholders fail to pay the capital contribution stipulated in the articles of association in full and on time, the company shall issue a written reminder to the shareholders to make a capital contribution.

If the company fails to fulfill the obligations stipulated in the preceding paragraph in time and causes losses to the company, the responsible directors shall be liable for compensation.

Article 88 Where a shareholder transfers the equity that has subscribed for capital contribution but has not yet reached the deadline for capital contribution, the transferee shall bear the obligation to pay the capital contribution; If the transferee fails to pay the capital contribution in full and on time, the transferor shall bear supplementary responsibilities for the capital contribution that the transferee fails to pay on time.

If a shareholder fails to pay the capital contribution according to the date stipulated in the Articles of Association or the actual price of the non-monetary property as capital contribution is significantly lower than the subscribed capital contribution, the transferor and transferee shall bear joint liability within the scope of insufficient capital contribution; If the transferee does not know and should not know of the above situation, the transferor shall bear the responsibility.

Original title: "Do shareholders bear joint and several liabilities if they transfer their shares without fully contributing?"

Read the original text

On June 10th, the headline reporter of Western Network Shaanxi learned that since the deployment of the "Iron Fist" action to investigate and deal with cases in the field of people’s livelihood this year, the Xi ‘an Municipal Market Supervision Bureau has focused on outstanding issues in key areas of people’s livelihood, public opinion and people’s expectations, and cracked down on ten categories, such as adulteration of edible oil, illegal addition of food such as claiming to lose weight and strengthen yang, false propaganda in the field of medical beauty, illegal measurement in the field of food purchase and sale, overdue inspection of elevators, and "bottomless marketing" for minors.

In order to further deter offenders and warn operators, the first batch of typical cases in the field of people’s livelihood in 2022 are now announced.

Case 1: Qingshuiwan Aquatic Products Wholesale Department in Qujiang New District of Xi ‘an was fined 20,000 yuan for selling unqualified live bass.

Summary of the case: In December, 2021, weiyang district Market Supervision Bureau of Xi ‘an received a report of unqualified food inspection, claiming that the live perch operated by Qingshuiwan Aquatic Products Wholesale Department of Qujiang New District of Xi ‘an was tested by Shaanxi Institute of Product Quality Supervision and Inspection, and the enrofloxacin project did not meet the requirements of GB 31650-2019 "Maximum Residue Limits of Veterinary Drugs in Food", and the inspection conclusion was unqualified.

On December 10th, 2021, law enforcement officers inspected Qingshuiwan Aquatic Products Wholesale Department in Qujiang New District, Xi ‘an, and the parties concerned could not provide the Business License, purchase receipts and test reports of the suppliers who sampled batches of bass. Upon inquiry and access to the relevant information provided by the parties, it is found that the illegal facts of the case of Qingshuiwan Aquatic Products Wholesale Department in Qujiang New District of Xi ‘an dealing in edible agricultural products with veterinary drug residues exceeding the food safety standards are established, and the illegal sales amount is 320 yuan and the illegal income is 320 yuan.

The above-mentioned behavior of the parties violates the second paragraph of Article 25 of the Measures for the Supervision and Administration of the Quality and Safety of the Marketing of Edible Agricultural Products, and it is prohibited to sell agricultural products with veterinary drug residues exceeding the food safety standards. According to the second paragraph of Article 50 of the Measures for the Supervision and Administration of the Quality and Safety of Marketing of Edible Agricultural Products and the provisions of Article 124 of the Food Safety Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC), the weiyang district Municipal Market Supervision Bureau decided to impose the following penalties on the parties: 1. Confiscate the illegal income of RMB and 320 yuan; 2. A fine of RMB 20,000. ?

Case 2: Beijing Siji Youxuan Information Technology Co., Ltd. Xi ‘an No.3 Branch was fined 50,000 yuan for allegedly selling unqualified Pipi shrimp.

Summary of the case: After the supervision and sampling inspection by Xi ‘an Municipal Market Supervision Bureau, the heavy metal cadmium of Pipi shrimp sold by Xi ‘an No.3 Branch of Beijing Four Seasons Optimization Information Technology Co., Ltd. did not meet the national food safety standards. After investigation, it was found that the cadmium project of Pipi shrimp sold by the party concerned did not meet the requirements of GB2762-2017 "Limits of Pollutants in Food Safety National Standards", and the party concerned did not strictly fulfill the obligation to check and record the incoming goods. The unqualified Pipi shrimp was purchased for a total of 4 kg, the purchase price was 90 yuan/kg, and the price was 108 yuan/kg. After all the sales were completed, the illegal income was 432 yuan.

The above-mentioned behavior of the parties violates the provisions of Article 25 (2) and Article 26 (1) of the Measures for the Supervision and Administration of the Quality and Safety of Marketing of Edible Agricultural Products, and is an act of prohibiting the sale of agricultural products with heavy metal content exceeding the food safety standards and failing to fulfill the obligation of incoming inspection. In view of the fact that the parties have been actively cooperating in the investigation of the case, truthfully stating the illegal facts and actively providing evidence materials, and actively carrying out rectification, which conforms to the provisions of Article 10, paragraph 1, of the Rules for the Application of Administrative Punishment Discretion of Shaanxi Provincial Market Supervision Administration, the punishment may be lighter or mitigated.

According to the second paragraph of Article 50 of the Measures for the Supervision and Administration of the Quality and Safety of Marketing of Edible Agricultural Products and the first paragraph of Article 124 of the Food Safety Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC), the weiyang district Municipal Market Supervision Bureau ordered the parties concerned to correct the above-mentioned illegal acts and made the following penalties: 1. Confiscation of illegal income of RMB 432; 2. A fine of RMB 50,000. ?

Case 3: Zhang Ruifeng Clinic in Baqiao District, Xi ‘an was fined 45,000 yuan for using expired and unregistered medical devices.

Summary of the case: When law enforcement officers of Baqiao District Market Supervision Bureau of Xi ‘an supervised and inspected Zhang Ruifeng Clinic in Baqiao District, it was found that ① occlusal paper ② dental zinc phosphate cement ③ temporary filling strips ④ No.35 and No.25 gutta percha tips were out of date, among which No.35 and No.25 gutta percha tips were unregistered medical devices.

The behavior of the parties concerned violates the provisions of Article 55 of the Regulations on the Supervision and Administration of Medical Devices (2021), which belongs to the operation and use of medical devices that are not registered according to law and have expired. According to the third paragraph of Article 86 of the Regulations on the Supervision and Administration of Medical Devices, Baqiao District Market Supervision Bureau ordered the parties to correct the above illegal acts and made the following penalties: 1. Confiscate expired medical devices; 2. A fine of RMB 45,000. ?

Case 4: Xi ‘an Yunyang Food Co., Ltd. was fined 59,780 yuan for producing and selling fresh noodles that used food additives beyond the scope.

Summary of the case: The market supervision bureau of Gaoling District of Xi ‘an received the inspection report with the number №: VPAEI09A247688F6 in the national food safety sampling information system. The report showed that the fresh noodles produced by Xi ‘an Yunyang Food Co., Ltd. of Gaoling District on October 12, 2021 were supervised and sampled, and the dehydroacetic acid and its sodium salt (calculated by dehydroacetic acid) did not meet the GB 2760-2014 National Food Safety Standard for the Use of Food Additives. Law enforcement officers delivered the above inspection report to the parties on November 8, 2021, and checked the food safety reasons in the production areas of the parties on the same day.

After investigation, the parties involved in the production of fresh noodles totaled 100 Jin. In order to ensure the shelf life of the produced food, the products were not added in strict accordance with the use standards and scope of food additives, resulting in the use of food additives in the production of fresh noodles beyond the scope. After inspection, dehydroacetic acid and its sodium salt (calculated by dehydroacetic acid) did not meet the national food safety standards. As of the date of verification, all the 100 Jin fresh noodles produced by the parties on the same day were sold to Shaanxi Yunheli Trading Co., Ltd. at the price of 2.2 yuan per Jin, and the illegal income was obtained in 220 yuan.

The above-mentioned behavior of the parties concerned violates the provisions of Item 4 of Article 34 of the Food Safety Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC), and belongs to the food behavior of using food additives beyond the scope of production and operation. In view of the fact that after receiving the report, the parties actively cooperate with the rectification of the production area, truthfully account for the illegal facts, and provide evidence materials on their own initiative, which conforms to the provisions of Article 10, paragraph 1, of the Rules for the Use of Administrative Punishment Discretion of Shaanxi Provincial Market Supervision Administration, the punishment may be lighter or mitigated. According to Item 3, Paragraph 1, Article 124 of People’s Republic of China (PRC) Food Safety Law, the Gaoling District Market Supervision Bureau decided to impose the following administrative penalties on the parties: 1. Confiscate the illegal income of RMB and 220 yuan; 2. A fine of RMB 59,780. ?

Case 5: The self-supporting project of Longhui Kindergarten in Lianhu District, Xi ‘an (extending the class) was fined.

Summary of the case: In the daily supervision and inspection, the Market Supervision Bureau of Lianhu District of Xi ‘an found that the self-reliance project of Longhui Kindergarten in Lianhu District charged fees. From September 2020 to November 2021, the extension class was held for a total of four months, and the illegal income totaled 4,485 yuan.

The above-mentioned behavior of the parties violates the provisions of Item 5 of Article 9 of the Provisions on Administrative Punishment for Price Violations and Article 12 of the Detailed Rules for the Implementation of Kindergarten Fees Management in Shaanxi Province, and it is an act of not implementing government-guided prices and government pricing. According to Item 5 of Article 9 of the Provisions on Administrative Penalties for Price Violations, Lianhu District Market Supervision Bureau decided to impose the following penalties on the parties: 1. Confiscate the illegal income of RMB 4,485; 2. A fine of RMB 11,212.5. ?

If all kinds of illegal acts in the field of market supervision are found, the masses are welcome to actively supervise and call 12315 or 12345 to make complaints and reports. Once verified, the market supervision department of Xi ‘an will seriously investigate and expose it according to law, and those suspected of committing crimes will be transferred to public security organs for criminal responsibility according to law.

Source: Western Network-Shaanxi News Network

　　Before the end of next year, the landscape upgrading project from Songliang Road in Tongzhou District in the east to Sanshi Road in Mentougou in the west, and the 55-kilometer Chang ‘an Street and its extension line will all be completed. At that time, signs full of China traditional culture charm, such as Ruyi, Xiangyun and Lotus, will appear on guardrails, lampposts, manhole covers and other facilities, and eight key aspects, such as building facade, street furniture, sign system, municipal facilities, urban lighting, roads and ancillary facilities, green landscape and advertising plaque, will be "finely decorated". Yesterday, the reporter learned from the Municipal Appearance Committee that within this year, the landscape improvement of the area within the Third Ring Road will be completed, and the whole project will be completed within next year.

　　The guardrail is painted with "car paint" for ten years without rust.

　　Yan Jianfeng, Environmental Renovation Department of the Municipal Municipal Appearance Committee, introduced that in order to create a "solemn, calm, heavy and atmospheric" temperament of Chang ‘an Avenue, the overall atlas design scheme extracted symbols of China traditional cultural elements such as Ruyi, Xiangyun and Lotus, and applied them to the LOGO style of Chang ‘an Avenue, which will specifically complete 30 facilities in four categories: street furniture, logo system, municipal facilities and urban lighting. Including traffic guardrails, bus guardrails, green guardrails, identification systems, various boxes, manhole covers, tree ponds, telephone booths, garbage bins, mailboxes, bus shelters and stop signs, etc., will achieve the effect of "everything is landscape and everything is fine" on Chang ‘an Avenue.

　　Last year, the "golden guardrail" replaced by Chang ‘an Avenue has become a beautiful scenery. This year, this guardrail will extend to sidewalks, slow lanes and green spaces in an all-round way. Yan Jianfeng told reporters that strictly speaking, this color should be bronze, and it should be painted with the same fluorocarbon as the car, which is corrosion-resistant and ensures that it will not rust for ten years. In detail, the guardrail uses lotus stigma, wishful decoration and lotus base. Slow lane guardrail, green guardrail, etc. all use the same material, and form a unified set in design style.

　　Add traditional textures such as Xiangyun and Ruyi.

　　In terms of color, all kinds of "street furniture" and municipal facilities on Chang ‘an Avenue are basically bronze and beige, and traditional textures such as Xiangyun and Ruyi are added to the details. "It can be said that every product is exquisite."

　　The Beijing Morning Post reporter saw in the public service facilities map of Chang ‘an Avenue and its extension line that the waste bins were bronze and light gray-blue, exquisite and "low-key"; The mailbox imitates the ancient style of the mailbox in Qing Dynasty, retaining the heavy cultural concept; Fixed seats are installed next to each bus shelter; The beige and bronze telephone booth has also added traditional textures.

　　The bases of all kinds of boxes are all made of bronze stainless steel, and the boxes that occupy the road are basically moved to the lawn. All kinds of manhole covers on the road are square, which is in harmony with the square marble on the trail. The manhole cover is decorated with Ruyi and Lotus. The tree pool grates were all changed from the original cast iron to stainless steel with auspicious clouds.

　　Redecoration of two overpasses in Dongdan

　　Yan Jianfeng introduced that the two overpasses on the south and north sides of Dongdan will be designed in a unified way in combination with the surrounding landscape. The design will be in the form of steel structure, and barrier-free facilities will be added. The deck pavement will use non-slip ground materials, and the style will be coordinated with the overpass on the north side of Xidan.

　　In addition, the footpath bricks between Jianguomen and Fuxingmen are all made of stone, and all the other footpaths are paved with water-permeable bricks. In terms of public art, there will be no more landscape sculptures on Chang ‘an Avenue in the near future. Regarding the advertising plaque, Cui Xuan, director of the outdoor advertising department of the Municipal Appearance Committee, said that an implementation plan is being formulated to investigate the problems, and more than 10 advertisements that have been found to be illegally set will be dismantled and rectified, and all inspections will be completed this year.

　　市市政市容委照明处处长宋军介绍，长安街景观照明改造主要包括两部分，一部分为建筑景观照明，将沿线包括北京饭店、民族饭店在内的52栋建筑纳入照明设施提升改造目录，各产权单位将根据统一规划控制的设计导则，自筹资金进行改造；另一部分为行道树、绿地、墙体景观照明和步道灯部分，同时改造天安门东西侧红墙和新华门对面的中警局灰墙既有景观照明设施，以及部分路段的步道灯。

　　五环内百公里架空线年内入地

　　此外，今年内市市政市容委还将进行架空线入地工作，包括完成五环路以内100公里主次干路通信架空线入地，100条支路街巷胡同通信架空线规范梳理；核心区重点道路11公里电力、路灯、电车架空线入地，主要包括景山周边，三里河地区等；昌平区阅兵村周边主要道路架空线入地；以及市行政副中心、北京新机场、冬奥会延庆赛区比赛场地等重点地区架空线随路入地。

　　闫剑峰表示，架空线入地工作开展的同时，将“严禁增量”，即今后，五环路以内城市道路、规划新城范围内城市道路以及其他重点道路和地区，不得新设架空线。

　　北京晨报记者 王萍

Basic situation of the national press and publishing industry in 2017

In 2017, 48.523 billion books, periodicals, newspapers, audio-visual products and electronic publications (copies, boxes and sheets) were published nationwide, down 5.43% from the previous year. Among them, 9.244 billion books were published, an increase of 2.29%, accounting for 19.05% of the total number; 2.492 billion periodicals, down by 7.59%, accounting for 5.14%; 36.25 billion newspapers, down 7.07%, accounting for 74.70%; Audio-visual products were 255,918,800 boxes (sheets), a decrease of 7.22%, accounting for 0.53%; There were 281,329,300 electronic publications, down by 3.21%, accounting for 0.58%. The total number of printed books, periodicals and newspapers published nationwide was 202.094 billion, a decrease of 7.99% compared with the previous year.

Library book

By the end of 2017, there were 585 publishing houses (including 33 sub-brand clubs) in China, including 219 central-level publishing houses (including 13 sub-brand clubs) and 366 local publishing houses (including 20 sub-brand clubs).

First, the total number of books published

In 2017, 255,106 new editions of books were published nationwide, with a total print run of 2.274 billion copies and a total print run of 23.005 billion copies, with a total price of 69.039 billion yuan; Compared with the previous year, the variety decreased by 2.79%, the total number of prints decreased by 5.58%, the total number of prints decreased by 4.79%, and the total price increased by 1.32%. 257,381 kinds of books were reprinted, with a total print run of 5.387 billion copies and a total print run of 46.426 billion copies, with a total price of 91.855 billion yuan; Compared with the previous year, the variety increased by 8.39%, the total number of prints increased by 5.25%, the total number of prints increased by 9.26%, and the total price increased by 17.31%. The total print run of rented books is 1.583 billion copies, and the total print run is 11.373 billion copies, with a total price of 12.231 billion yuan. Compared with the previous year, the total number of prints increased by 4.81%, the total number of prints increased by 2.78%, and the total price increased by 4.98%.

Among them:

1. There are 231,173 new editions of books and 194,443 reprints, with a total print run of 5.969 billion copies and a total print run of 54.902 billion copies, with a total price of 137.012 billion yuan. Compared with the previous year, the new edition varieties decreased by 1.58%, the reprinted varieties increased by 10.75%, the total number of prints increased by 3.96%, the total number of prints increased by 6.82%, and the total price increased by 12.10%.

2. There are 23,776 new editions of textbooks and 62,815 reprints, with a total print run of 3.256 billion copies and a total print run of 25.818 billion copies, with a total price of 35.657 billion yuan. Compared with the previous year, the new edition varieties decreased by 13.03%, the reprinted varieties increased by 1.87%, the total number of prints decreased by 0.63%, the total number of prints decreased by 1.65%, and the total pricing amount increased by 0.43%.

3. There are 157 new editions of pictures and 123 reprints, with a total print run of 03 million copies (sheets) and a total print run of 06 million sheets, with a total price of 51 million yuan. Compared with the previous year, the new edition varieties decreased by 23.41%, the reprinted varieties decreased by 48.75%, the total number of prints decreased by 39.23%, the total number of prints decreased by 38.95%, and the total pricing amount decreased by 20.63%.

4. The appendix has a total print run of 17 million copies (sheets) and a total print run of 77 million sheets, with a total price of 405 million yuan.

Second, the publication of various books

Among the 22 kinds of publications that use the China Standard Book Number:

1. There are 506 new editions of Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought, with 271 reprints, with a total print run of 11.27 million copies and a total print run of 186,518 thousand copies. The total price is 361.89 million yuan, accounting for 0.20% of new editions, 0.11% of reprinted varieties, 0.12% of total prints, 0.23% of total prints and 0.23% of total price. Compared with the previous year, the new varieties increased by 4.76%, the reprinted varieties increased by 4.23%, the total number of prints decreased by 27.52%, the total number of prints decreased by 23.98%, and the total pricing amount decreased by 17.62%.

2. There are 6,277 new editions of philosophy, with 3,707 reprints, with a total print run of 67.65 million copies and a total print run of 933,005 thousand copies. The total price is 2,848.17 million yuan, accounting for 2.46% of new editions, 1.44% of reprints, 0.73% of total prints, 1.15% of total prints and 1.65% of total price. Compared with the previous year, the new varieties increased by 0.90%, the reprinted varieties increased by 3.69%, the total number of prints increased by 2.89%, the total number of prints increased by 0.86%, and the total price increased by 5.48%.

3. There are 3,025 new editions and 2,420 reprints of General Social Sciences, with a total print run of 26.68 million copies and a total print run of 416,760 thousand copies, with a total price of 1,156.89 million yuan, accounting for 1.19% of the new editions, 0.94% of the reprinted varieties, 0.29% of the total print run, 0.52% of the total print run and 0.52% of the total price. Compared with the previous year, the new edition varieties decreased by 12.01%, the reprinted varieties increased by 5.63%, the total number of prints increased by 0.68%, the total number of prints decreased by 3.15%, and the total pricing amount decreased by 0.03%.

4. There are 13,002 new editions of politics and law, with 5,254 reprints, with a total print run of 247.65 million copies and a total print run of 2,718,674 thousand copies, with a total price of 6,727.5 million yuan, accounting for 5.10% of new editions, 2.04% of reprints, 2.68% of total prints, 3.36% of total prints. Compared with the previous year, the new edition varieties decreased by 8.47%, the reprinted varieties increased by 9.23%, the total number of prints decreased by 15.47%, the total number of prints decreased by 9.40%, and the total pricing amount decreased by 2.44%.

5. There are 981 new military editions and 429 reprints, with a total print run of 8.48 million copies (sheets) and a total print run of 107,736 thousand sheets, with a total price of 307.41 million yuan, accounting for 0.38% of new editions, 0.17% of reprints, 0.09% of total prints, 0.13% of total prints and 0.18% of total price. Compared with the previous year, the new edition varieties decreased by 11.78%, the reprinted varieties decreased by 1.61%, the total number of prints decreased by 1.17%, the total number of prints decreased by 10.74%, and the total pricing amount decreased by 5.98%.

6. There are 20,598 new economic editions with 14,242 reprints, with a total print run of 152.67 million copies and a total print run of 2,536,135 thousand copies. The total price is 6,962.69 million yuan, accounting for 8.07% of the new editions, 5.53% of the reprinted varieties, 1.65% of the total print runs, 3.14% of the total print runs and 4% of the total price. Compared with the previous year, the new varieties increased by 1.21%, the reprinted varieties increased by 2.66%, the total number of prints decreased by 4.02%, the total number of prints increased by 0.21%, and the total price increased by 4.38%.

7. There are 81,082 new editions of culture, science, education and sports, with 129,055 reprints, with a total print run of 6,964.26 million copies and a total print run of 52,381,798 thousand copies. The total price is 91,063.87 million yuan, accounting for 31.78% of new editions, 50.14% of reprints and 75.34% of total prints. Compared with the previous year, the new edition varieties decreased by 2.25%, the reprinted varieties increased by 7.92%, the total number of prints increased by 1.99%, the total number of prints increased by 3.05%, and the total price increased by 9.33%.

8. There are 8,719 new editions of languages and characters, with 13,071 reprints, with a total print run of 257.45 million copies (sheets), a total print run of 3,383,340 thousand sheets, and a total price of 8,331.66 million yuan, accounting for 3.42% of new editions, 5.08% of reprints, 2.79% of total prints and 4.19% of total prints. Compared with the previous year, the new edition varieties decreased by 12.26%, the reprinted varieties increased by 8.17%, the total number of prints increased by 20.06%, the total number of prints increased by 11.69%, and the total price increased by 20.50%.

9. There are 36,585 new editions of literature and 20,205 reprints, with a total print run of 737.72 million copies and a total print run of 7,859,236 thousand copies. The total price is 20,857.04 million yuan, accounting for 14.34% of new editions, 7.85% of reprints, 7.98% of total prints and 9.73% of total prints. Compared with the previous year, the new edition varieties decreased by 2.03%, the reprinted varieties increased by 17.75%, the total number of prints increased by 14.52%, the total number of prints increased by 21.08%, and the total price increased by 24.89%.

10. There are 17,533 new editions of art, with 9,761 reprints, with a total print run of 199.41 million copies and a total print run of 1,647,613 thousand copies. The total price is 7,467.9 million yuan, accounting for 6.87% of the new editions, 3.79% of the reprinted varieties, 2.16% of the total print runs, 2.04% of the total print runs and 4.5% of the total price. Compared with the previous year, the new edition varieties decreased by 5.48%, the reprinted varieties increased by 9.10%, the total number of prints increased by 3.64%, the total number of prints increased by 7.82%, and the total price increased by 6.70%.

11. There are 12,992 new editions of history and geography, with 5,728 reprints, with a total print run of 124.86 million copies and a total print run of 1,822,403 thousand copies, with a total price of 6,691.58 million yuan, accounting for 5.09% of new editions, 2.23% of reprints, 1.35% of total prints, 2.26% of total prints. Compared with the previous year, the new edition varieties decreased by 3.33%, the reprinted varieties increased by 9.29%, the total print run decreased by 4.56%, the total print run increased by 8.00%, and the total pricing amount increased by 8.13%.

12. There are 431 new editions and 362 reprints of natural science, with a total print run of 5.51 million copies and a total print run of 60,030 thousand copies, with a total price of 254.45 million yuan, accounting for 0.17% of new editions, 0.14% of reprints, 0.06% of total prints, 0.07% of total prints and 0.15% of total price. Compared with the previous year, the new varieties increased by 7.48%, the reprinted varieties decreased by 8.59%, the total number of prints increased by 6.37%, the total number of prints decreased by 10.20%, and the total price increased by 24.87%.

13. There are 2,955 new editions of mathematical science and chemistry, with 6,527 reprints, with a total print run of 41.57 million copies and a total print run of 658,564 thousand copies. The total price is 1,489.28 million yuan, accounting for 1.16% of the new editions, 2.54% of the reprinted varieties, 0.45% of the total print run, 0.82% of the total print run. Compared with the previous year, the new edition varieties decreased by 1.43%, the reprinted varieties increased by 11.59%, the total number of prints increased by 1.00%, the total number of prints increased by 2.55%, and the total price increased by 8.94%.

14. There are 958 new editions of astronomy and earth sciences in 2010, with a total print run of 12.76 million copies and a total print run of 159,227 thousand copies. The total price is 646.07 million yuan, accounting for 0.79% of the new editions, 0.37% of the reprinted varieties, 0.14% of the total print run, 0.20% of the total print run and 0. Compared with the previous year, the new edition varieties increased by 12.35%, the reprinted varieties decreased by 0.93%, the total number of prints increased by 4.33%, the total number of prints increased by 11.46%, and the total price increased by 11.98%.

15. There are 1927 new editions of biological sciences and 1559 reprints, with a total print run of 19.22 million copies and a total print run of 224,142 thousand copies. The total price is 803.93 million yuan, accounting for 0.76% of new editions, 0.61% of reprints, 0.21% of total prints, 0.28% of total prints and 0.46% of total price. Compared with the previous year, the new varieties increased by 0.94%, the reprinted varieties increased by 3.86%, the total number of prints decreased by 5.92%, the total number of prints increased by 1.91%, and the total price increased by 12.38%.

16. There are 13,486 new editions of medicine and health, with 9,147 reprints, with a total print run of 103.56 million copies and 1,805,428 thousand copies, with a total price of 5,183.58 million yuan, accounting for 5.29% of new editions, 3.55% of reprints, 1.12% of total prints and 2.23% of total prints. Compared with the previous year, the new edition varieties decreased by 0.81%, the reprinted varieties increased by 15.29%, the total number of prints decreased by 6.21%, the total number of prints decreased by 3.64%, and the total pricing amount decreased by 1.63%.

17. There are 3,381 new editions of agricultural sciences and 2,136 reprints, with a total print run of 19.22 million copies and a total print run of 205,639 thousand copies. The total price is 691.46 million yuan, accounting for 1.33% of new editions, 0.83% of reprints, 0.21% of total prints, 0.25% of total prints and 0.40% of total price. Compared with the previous year, the new varieties increased by 10.27%, the reprinted varieties increased by 2.94%, the total number of prints increased by 8.16%, the total number of prints increased by 4.81%, and the total price increased by 14.78%.

18. There are 21,472 new editions of industrial technology, with 27,311 reprints, with a total print run of 159.96 million copies and a total print run of 2,811,672 thousand copies. The total price is 7,873.59 million yuan, accounting for 8.42% of new editions, 10.61% of reprints, 1.73% of total prints, 3.48% of total prints. Compared with the previous year, the new edition varieties decreased by 5.44%, the reprinted varieties increased by 7.59%, the total number of prints decreased by 3.07%, the total number of prints decreased by 0.64%, and the total pricing amount increased by 4.14%.

19. There are 2,930 new editions of transportation, with 3,105 reprints, with a total print run of 25.22 million copies (sheets) and a total print run of 336,775 thousand sheets. The total price is 1,027.06 million yuan, accounting for 1.15% of new editions, 1.21% of reprints, 0.27% of total prints, and 0.52% of total price. Compared with the previous year, the new varieties increased by 10.90%, the reprinted varieties increased by 3.29%, the total number of prints decreased by 6.45%, the total number of prints decreased by 4.86%, and the total price increased by 2.91%.

20. There are 381 new editions of aviation and aerospace, with 232 reprints, with a total print run of 1.91 million copies and a total print run of 24,644 thousand copies. The total price is 104.2 million yuan, accounting for 0.15% of new editions, 0.09% of reprints, 0.02% of total prints, 0.03% of total prints and 0.06% of total price. Compared with the previous year, the new varieties increased by 7.63%, the reprinted varieties increased by 25.41%, the total number of prints increased by 24.03%, the total number of prints increased by 8.26%, and the total price increased by 17.70%.

21. There are 1,584 new editions of environmental science, with 941 reprints, with a total print run of 10.19 million copies and a total print run of 98,346 thousand copies, with a total price of 343.11 million yuan, accounting for 0.62% of new editions, 0.37% of reprinted varieties, 0.11% of total prints, 0.12% of total prints and 0.20% of total price. Compared with the previous year, the new edition varieties decreased by 0.56%, the reprinted varieties increased by 43.88%, the total number of prints increased by 20.45%, the total number of prints increased by 12.71%, and the total price increased by 14.39%.

22. There are 3,092 new editions of comprehensive books, with 837 reprints, with a total print run of 27.68 million copies and a total print run of 342,801 thousand copies. The total price is 1,475.68 million yuan, accounting for 1.21% of the new editions, 0.33% of the reprinted varieties, 0.30% of the total print run, 0.42% of the total print run and 0.85% of the total price. Compared with the previous year, the new edition varieties decreased by 0.99%, the reprinted varieties decreased by 17.62%, the total number of prints decreased by 9.22%, the total number of prints decreased by 12.69%, and the total pricing amount decreased by 16.24%.

Third, the publication of various textbooks

1. There are 19,066 new editions of textbooks for junior college and above, with 43,348 reprints, with a total print run of 303.03 million copies and a total print run of 5,317,760 thousand copies, with a total price of 11,345.94 million yuan. Compared with the previous year, the new edition varieties decreased by 12.73%, the reprinted varieties increased by 4.67%, the total number of prints decreased by 2.90%, the total number of prints decreased by 3.09%, and the total pricing amount increased by 1.88%.

2. There are 1,417 new editions of textbooks for technical secondary schools and technical schools, with 4,266 reprints, with a total print run of 50.93 million copies and a total print run of 647,879 thousand copies, with a total price of 1,263.91 million yuan. Compared with the previous year, the new edition varieties decreased by 22.82%, the reprinted varieties decreased by 10.08%, the total number of prints decreased by 23.96%, the total number of prints decreased by 24.00%, and the total pricing amount decreased by 20.69%.

3. There are 662 new middle school textbooks, with 5353 reprints, with a total print run of 1,518.23 million copies and a total print run of 11,724,114 thousand copies, with a total price of 12,356.33 million yuan. Compared with the previous year, the new edition varieties decreased by 17.87%, the reprinted varieties decreased by 5.02%, the total number of prints decreased by 0.82%, the total number of prints decreased by 1.66%, and the total pricing amount decreased by 0.61%.

4. There are 856 new editions of primary school textbooks and 4,674 reprints, with a total print run of 1,331.16 million copies and a total print run of 7,350,399 thousand copies, with a total price of 8,771.5 million yuan. Compared with the previous year, the new varieties decreased by 10.65%, the reprinted varieties decreased by 1.68%, the total number of prints increased by 1.33%, the total number of prints increased by 1.51%, and the total price increased by 2.31%.

5. There are 931 new editions of amateur education textbooks, with 1707 reprints, with a total print run of 24.15 million copies and a total print run of 401,364 thousand copies, with a total price of 994.65 million yuan. Compared with the previous year, the new edition varieties decreased by 27.44%, the reprinted varieties decreased by 3.01%, the total number of prints decreased by 6.25%, the total number of prints decreased by 2.03%, and the total pricing amount decreased by 0.60%.

6. There are three new editions of literacy textbooks and one reprint, with a total print run of 620,000 copies and a total print run of 6,787,000 copies, with a total price of 29.09 million yuan.

7. There are 841 new editions of teaching books and 3,466 reprints, with a total print run of 28 million copies (sheets) and a total print run of 369,814 thousand copies, with a total price of 895.22 million yuan. Compared with the previous year, the new varieties increased by 38.32%, the reprinted varieties increased by 3.31%, the total number of prints increased by 1.16%, the total number of prints increased by 9.19%, and the total price increased by 16.81%.

Fourth, the publication of children’s books

In 2017, a total of 22,834 new editions of children’s books were published nationwide, with 19,607 reprints, with a total print run of 820.07 million copies and a total print run of 4,883,681 thousand copies, with a total price of 17,548.39 million yuan. Compared with the previous year, the new edition varieties decreased by 10.18%, the reprinted varieties increased by 7.63%, the total number of prints increased by 5.42%, the total number of prints increased by 7.85%, and the total price increased by 9.66%.

Issue

First, the total number of periodicals published

In 2017, a total of 10,130 periodicals were published nationwide, with an average print run of 130.85 million copies, with an average print run of 13,400 copies, a total print run of 2.492 billion copies and a total print run of 13.666 billion copies, with a total pricing of 22.389 billion yuan. Compared with the previous year, the variety increased by 0.46%, the average print run decreased by 5.90%, the average print run of each type decreased by 6.77%, the total print run decreased by 7.59%, the total print run decreased by 10.06%, and the total pricing amount decreased by 3.67%.

Second, the publication of various periodicals

The number, proportion and percentage increase or decrease of various periodicals compared with the previous year are as follows:

1. There are 2,676 periodicals of philosophy and social sciences, with an average print run of 66.51 million copies, a total print run of 1,196.54 million copies and a total print run of 6,062,602 thousand copies; It accounts for 26.42% of periodical varieties, with a total print run of 48.01% and a total print run of 44.36%. Compared with the previous year, the variety increased by 0.45%, the average print run decreased by 3.06%, the total print run decreased by 5.76% and the total print run decreased by 6.60%.

2. 1,397 kinds of cultural and educational periodicals, with an average print run of 25.05 million copies, a total print run of 587.17 million copies and a total print run of 2,930,625 thousand copies; It accounts for 13.79% of periodical varieties, with a total print run of 23.56% and a total print run of 21.44%. Compared with the previous year, the variety increased by 1.01%, the average print run decreased by 6.50%, the total print run decreased by 4.90% and the total print run decreased by 8.36%.

3. There are 665 kinds of literary and artistic periodicals, with an average print run of 8.39 million copies, a total print run of 208.14 million copies and a total print run of 1,160,351 thousand copies; It accounts for 6.56% of periodical varieties, with a total print run of 8.35% and a total print run of 8.49%. Compared with the previous year, the variety increased by 1.06%, the average print run decreased by 17.58%, the total print run decreased by 19.35% and the total print run decreased by 22.52%.

4. There are 5,027 kinds of natural science and technology periodicals, with an average print run of 22.98 million copies, a total print run of 333.49 million copies and a total print run of 2,620,875 thousand copies; It accounts for 49.62% of periodical varieties, with a total print run of 13.38% and a total print run of 19.18%. Compared with the previous year, the variety increased by 0.26%, the average print run decreased by 7.92%, the total print run decreased by 9.67% and the total print run decreased by 13.80%.

5. 365 kinds of comprehensive periodicals, with an average print run of 7.92 million copies, a total print run of 166.79 million copies and a total print run of 891,638 thousand copies; It accounts for 3.60% of periodical varieties, with a total print run of 6.69% and a total print run of 6.52%. Compared with the previous year, the variety was flat, and the average print run decreased by 6.98%, the total print run decreased by 8.51% and the total print run decreased by 7.92%.

Iii. Publication of Children’s Periodicals

In 2017, 211 kinds of children’s periodicals were published nationwide, with an average print run of 15.96 million copies, a total print run of 446.12 million copies and a total print run of 1,463,866 thousand copies. It accounts for 2.08% of periodical varieties, with a total print run of 17.90% and a total print run of 10.71%. Compared with the previous year, the variety decreased by 0.47%, the average print run decreased by 11.10%, the total print run decreased by 12.00%, and the total print run decreased by 16.53%.

Fourth, the publication of pictorial magazine

In 2017, 55 kinds of pictorial magazines (excluding those for children) were published nationwide, with an average print run of 560,000 copies, a total print run of 8.35 million copies and a total print run of 72,028 thousand copies. It accounts for 0.54% of periodical varieties, with a total print run of 0.33% and a total print run of 0.53%. Compared with the previous year, the variety was flat, with the average print run decreased by 10.97%, the total print run decreased by 5.86% and the total print run decreased by 10.05%.

V. Publication of animation periodicals

In 2017, 37 animation periodicals were published nationwide, with an average print run of 1.61 million copies, a total print run of 51.73 million copies and a total print run of 306,983 thousand copies. It accounts for 0.37% of periodical varieties, with a total print run of 2.08% and a total print run of 2.25%. Compared with the previous year, the variety decreased by 7.50%, the average print run decreased by 37.13%, the total print run decreased by 37.06% and the total print run decreased by 39.67%.

Newspaper

First, the total number of newspapers published

In 2017, 1,884 newspapers were published nationwide, with an average print run of 186,694,900 copies, with an average print run of 99,100 copies of each newspaper, with a total print run of 36.250 billion copies and a total print run of 107.624 billion copies, with a total price of 39.885 billion yuan. Compared with the previous year, the varieties decreased by 0.53%, the average printing number decreased by 4.23%, the average printing number of each type decreased by 3.73%, the total printing number decreased by 7.07%, the total printing number decreased by 15.07%, and the total pricing amount decreased by 2.29%.

Second, the publication of newspapers at all levels

1. There are 981 national and provincial newspapers, with an average print run of 141.3009 million copies, a total print run of 24.483 billion copies and a total print run of 70.711 billion copies. It accounts for 52.07% of newspaper varieties, with a total print run of 67.54% and a total print run of 65.70%. Compared with the previous year, the variety decreased by 1.60%, the average print run decreased by 3.78%, the total print run decreased by 7.38%, and the total print run decreased by 15.75%. Among them:

There are 215 national newspapers, with an average print run of 29.9268 million, a total print run of 7.814 billion and a total print run of 22.459 billion. It accounts for 11.41% of newspaper varieties, with a total print run of 21.56% and a total print run of 20.87%. Compared with the previous year, the variety decreased by 0.92%, the average print run decreased by 1.22%, the total print run decreased by 0.79%, and the total print run decreased by 0.35%.

There are 766 provincial newspapers, with an average print run of 111.3741 million copies, a total print run of 16.669 billion copies and a total print run of 48.251 billion copies. It accounts for 40.66% of newspaper varieties, with a total print run of 45.98% and a total print run of 44.83%. Compared with the previous year, the variety decreased by 1.79%, the average print run decreased by 4.45%, the total print run decreased by 10.17% and the total print run decreased by 21.40%.

2. There are 884 kinds of local and municipal newspapers, with an average print run of 45.1055 million copies, with a total print run of 11.687 billion copies and a total print run of 36.786 billion copies; It accounts for 46.92% of newspaper varieties, with a total print run of 32.24% and a total print run of 34.18%. Compared with the previous year, the variety increased by 0.68%, the average print run decreased by 5.65%, the total print run decreased by 6.45% and the total print run decreased by 13.71%.

3. There are 19 county-level newspapers, with an average print run of 288,500 copies, a total print run of 80 million copies and a total print run of 128 million copies; It accounts for 1.01% of newspaper varieties, with a total print run of 0.22% and a total print run of 0.12%. Compared with the previous year, the variety was flat, the average print run decreased by 1.35%, the total print run decreased by 0.98%, and the total print run decreased by 23.18%.

Iii. Publication of various newspapers

1. 852 kinds of comprehensive newspapers, with an average print run of 69.4537 million copies, a total print run of 22.905 billion copies and a total print run of 82.892 billion copies; It accounts for 45.22% of newspaper varieties, with a total print run of 63.19% and a total print run of 77.02%. Compared with the previous year, the variety increased by 0.24%, the average print run decreased by 8.23%, the total print run decreased by 8.61% and the total print run decreased by 17.26%.

2. There are 693 kinds of professional newspapers, with an average print run of 90.5797 million copies, a total print run of 10.338 billion copies and a total print run of 18.721 billion copies; It accounts for 36.78% of newspaper varieties, with a total print run of 28.52% and a total print run of 17.40%. Compared with the previous year, the variety decreased by 1.00%, the average print run increased by 0.21%, the total print run decreased by 3.31% and the total print run decreased by 5.20%.

3. There are 214 kinds of life service newspapers, with an average print run of 10.9141 million copies, a total print run of 970 million copies and a total print run of 3.076 billion copies; It accounts for 11.36% of newspaper varieties, with a total print run of 2.68% and a total print run of 2.86%. Compared with the previous year, the variety decreased flat, the average print run decreased by 11.92%, the total print run decreased by 8.68%, and the total print run decreased by 12.63%.

4. There are 103 kinds of newspapers for readers, with an average print run of 12.4309 million copies, a total print run of 1.600 billion copies and a total print run of 2.323 billion copies; It accounts for 5.47% of newspaper varieties, with a total print run of 4.41% and a total print run of 2.16%. Compared with the previous year, the variety decreased by 3.74%, the average print run decreased by 3.57%, the total print run decreased by 6.92%, and the total print run decreased by 11.35%.

5. There are 22 kinds of abstract newspapers, with an average print run of 3.3165 million copies, a total print run of 436 million copies and a total print run of 611 million copies; It accounts for 1.17% of newspaper varieties, with a total print run of 1.20% and a total print run of 0.57%. Compared with the previous year, the variety decreased by 4.35%, the average print run decreased by 7.87%, the total print run decreased by 7.43%, and the total print run decreased by 6.66%.

Audio-visual products and electronic publications

By the end of 2017, there were 381 publishing units of audio-visual products and 307 publishing units of electronic publications.

I. Publication of Audio Recordings

In 2017, 8,259 kinds of audio recordings were published nationwide, with 186,767,300 boxes (sheets). Compared with the previous year, the variety decreased by 5.21% and the number of publications decreased by 12.56%.

The published quantity of all kinds of sound recordings and their percentage increase or decrease are as follows:

1. There are 254 new versions of audio tapes (AT) with 6,630,800 boxes, and 958 new versions with 68,930,300 boxes, totaling 1,212 kinds with 75,561,100 boxes. Compared with the previous year, the variety decreased by 20.58% and the quantity decreased by 34.01%.

2. There are 2,365 new editions of compact discs (CDs) with 15,426,600 copies, and 3,742 reprints with 81,093,700 copies, totaling 6,107 kinds and 96,520,300 copies. Compared with the previous year, the variety increased by 4.50% and the quantity increased by 24.46%. There are 402 kinds of children and adolescents, with a number of 3,859,100.

3. There are 423 new editions and 4,130,400 copies of high-density laser discs (DVD-A) and other carriers, and 517 new editions and 10,555,600 copies, totaling 940 kinds and 14,685,900 copies. Compared with the previous year, the variety decreased by 30.01% and the quantity decreased by 31.77%. There are 10 kinds of children and adolescents, with a number of 17,500.

Second, the publication of video products

In 2017, 5,293 kinds of video products and 69,151,500 boxes (sheets) were published nationwide. Compared with the previous year, the variety decreased by 6.67% and the number of publications increased by 11.07%.

The published quantity of various video products and their percentage increase or decrease are as follows:

1. There are 113 new editions of video tapes (VTs) and other carriers, with 213,700 boxes, and 19 reprints, with 106,300 boxes, totaling 132 kinds and 320,000 boxes. Compared with the previous year, the variety decreased by 14.29% and the quantity decreased by 5.46%. One kind of children, with a quantity of 0.001 million boxes.

2. There are 203 kinds of new digital laser discs (VCD) with 3,855,300 copies, and 468 kinds of new digital laser discs with 8,779,900 copies, totaling 671 kinds and 12,635,200 copies. Compared with the previous year, the variety decreased by 15.28% and the quantity decreased by 14.61%. There are 150 kinds of children, with 3,348,500 pieces.

3. There are 3,212 new versions of high-density laser discs (DVD-V) with 35,262,100 copies, and 1,278 reprints with 20,934,200 copies, totaling 4,490 kinds and 56,196,300 copies. Compared with the previous year, the variety decreased by 4.97% and the quantity increased by 19.25%. There are 381 kinds of children and adolescents, with the number of 18.7777 million.

Iii. Publication of electronic publications

In 2017, 9240 kinds of electronic publications and 281,329,300 copies were published nationwide. Compared with the previous year, the variety decreased by 6.06% and the number of publications decreased by 3.21%.

1. There are 1984 new CD-ROMs with 66.2804 million copies, and 3762 reissues with 185.2913 million copies, totaling 5746 kinds and 251.5716 million copies. Compared with the previous year, the variety increased by 5.53% and the quantity increased by 9.16%.

2. There are 1,630 new high-density read-only discs (DVD-ROM) with 10,325,200 copies, and 1,396 new editions with 15,873,200 copies, totaling 3,026 kinds and 26,198,400 copies. Compared with the previous year, the variety increased by 3.91% and the quantity decreased by 47.58%.

3. There are 377 new editions of interactive cd-rom (CD-I) and other carriers, with 2,353,300 copies, and 91 reprints with 1,205,900 copies, with a total of 468 kinds and 3,559,200 copies. Compared with the previous year, the variety decreased by 68.36% and the quantity decreased by 65.08%.

Printing reproduction

I. General situation of printing and reproduction

In 2017, printing and copying (including printing of publications, packaging and decoration, printing of other printed materials, special printing, supply and marketing of printed materials and copying) realized an operating income of 1,315.649 billion yuan, the same caliber as in 2016 [excluding typing and copying]. ] increased by 4.68%; The total profit was 85.003 billion yuan, up by 1.26%. The operating income of publication printing (including special printing) was 167.039 billion yuan, an increase of 4.04%; The total profit was 11.759 billion yuan, up by 1.41%. The business income of packaging, decoration and printing was 1,017.279 billion yuan, an increase of 4.74%; The total profit was 63.814 billion yuan, up by 1.40%. The operating income of other printed materials was 109.567 billion yuan, an increase of 1.03%; The total profit was 9.32 billion yuan, a decrease of 0.71%.

Second, the number of units and employees (including special printing)

In 2017, there were 8,753 national publication printing enterprises (including special printing), a decrease of 2.05% compared with the previous year; The average number of employees at the end of the year was 451,700, a decrease of 5.56% compared with the previous year.

III. Output and paper consumption of publication printing enterprises (including special printing)

1. The output of black-and-white printing of books, newspapers, periodicals and other printed materials is 303.7505 million ringlets, and the output of color printing is 1406.0054 million ringlets. Compared with the previous year, the output of black-and-white printing decreased by 3.63% and that of color printing decreased by 6.69%.

2. The binding output was 334,254,700 reams, which was 0.72% lower than the previous year.

3. The amount of printing paper (including offset paper and roll paper) was 622,555,200 reams, a decrease of 3.18% compared with the previous year.

Publication distribution

I. Distribution outlets and employees

In 2017, there were 162,811 publication distribution outlets nationwide, a decrease of 0.18% compared with the previous year. Among them, there are 9,633 Xinhua Bookstore and its distribution outlets, an increase of 7.08%; The publishing house set up 437 distribution outlets, an increase of 4.05%; 40523 distribution outlets of postal system; There are 8969 other wholesale outlets and 103190 individual retail outlets.

In 2017, there were 132,400 employees in the self-run distribution outlets of Xinhua Bookstore System and Publishing House nationwide, a decrease of 5.02% compared with the previous year.

Second, the purchase of publications

In 2017, a total of 21.102 billion copies (sheets, copies and boxes) and 304.219 billion yuan were purchased by the Xinhua Bookstore system and publishing houses, an increase of 1.56% and 6.48% compared with the previous year. Among them, Xinhua Bookstore system purchased 14.039 billion copies (sheets, copies and boxes), a decrease of 1.14% compared with the previous year, and the purchase amount was 165.917 billion yuan, an increase of 3.34%.

Iii. Sales of publications

(a) the total sales situation

In 2017, the national Xinhua Bookstore system and publishing houses sold 21.319 billion copies (sheets, copies and boxes) and 295.443 billion yuan. Compared with the previous year, the quantity increased by 2.36% and the amount increased by 6.61%. Among them: Xinhua Bookstore sold 14.359 billion copies (sheets, copies and boxes) and 164.933 billion yuan; Compared with the previous year, the quantity increased by 0.68% and the amount increased by 3.27%.

Among them:

1. The total retail sales of residents and social organizations was 88.868 billion yuan, an increase of 6.67% over the previous year. Among them, urban retail sales were 75.953 billion yuan and rural retail sales were 12.915 billion yuan. The urban-rural retail ratio is 5.88:1.

2. The total wholesale sales of publications was 206.37 billion yuan, an increase of 6.57% compared with the previous year, and the wholesale-retail ratio was 2.32:1. Among them, wholesale to city (county) wholesale institutions and publication retail distribution enterprises was 204.508 billion yuan, an increase of 6.58% compared with the previous year; Wholesale to units or individuals below the county level was 1.862 billion yuan, an increase of 6.16% over the previous year.

3. The total export volume was 206 million yuan, up by 11.35% over the previous year.

(2) Pure sales situation

In 2017, the publications of the Xinhua Bookstore system and publishing houses in China sold 7.28 billion copies (sheets, copies and boxes) and 90.935 billion yuan. Compared with the previous year, the quantity increased by 3.63% and the amount increased by 6.67%.

(3) Retail sales of various publications

In 2017, the number, amount and proportion of all kinds of publications in the national Xinhua Bookstore system and publishing houses are as follows:

1. There are 7.021 billion books and 85.084 billion yuan, accounting for 98.67% of the retail volume and 95.74% of the retail amount. Among them:

(1) There are 305 million books on philosophy and social sciences, accounting for 5.991 billion yuan, accounting for 4.28% of the retail volume and 6.74% of the retail amount.

(2) There are 5.705 billion books and 62.100 billion yuan of cultural and educational books, accounting for 80.17% of the retail volume and 69.88% of the retail amount. Among them: 2.701 billion textbooks and teaching books for primary and secondary schools, 24.317 billion yuan, accounting for 37.96% of the retail volume and 27.36% of the retail amount; There are 2.201 billion books and 25.992 billion yuan of supplementary reading materials, accounting for 30.93% of the retail volume and 29.25% of the retail amount.

(3) There are 295 million books on literature and art, amounting to 6.319 billion yuan, accounting for 4.15% of the retail volume and 7.11% of the retail amount.

(4) There are 150 million natural science and technology books, amounting to 3.884 billion yuan, accounting for 2.11% of the retail volume and 4.37% of the retail amount.

(5) There are 566 million comprehensive books and 6.79 billion yuan, accounting for 7.95% of the retail volume and 7.64% of the retail amount.

In addition, there are 212 million children’s books and 4.162 billion yuan, accounting for 2.98% of the retail volume and 4.68% of the retail amount; There are 129 million textbooks, spare-time education and teaching books for colleges and secondary schools, amounting to 2.694 billion yuan, accounting for 1.81% of the retail volume and 3.03% of the retail amount.

2. There are 34 million periodicals and 1.193 billion yuan, accounting for 0.47% of the retail volume and 1.34% of the retail amount.

3. There were 10 million newspapers and 93 million yuan, accounting for 0.14% of the retail volume and 0.10% of the retail amount.

4. The number of audio-visual products was 39 million boxes (sheets) and 710 million yuan, accounting for 0.55% of the retail volume and 0.80% of the retail amount.

5. There were 13 million electronic publications and 350 million yuan, accounting for 0.18% of the retail volume and 0.39% of the retail amount.

6. Digital publications (e-books, etc., excluding e-readers and other hardware) amounted to 1.438 billion yuan, accounting for 1.62% of the retail sales.

Iv. Inventory of publications

At the end of the year, the self-run distribution units of Xinhua Bookstore System and Publishing House nationwide had an inventory of 6.259 billion copies (sheets, copies and boxes) and 122.097 billion yuan. Compared with the previous year, the quantity decreased by 4.81% and the amount increased by 6.82%.

V. Sales of non-publication goods

The sales amount of non-publication goods is 38.653 billion yuan (not included in the total sales).

Import and export of publications

I. Exports of books, newspapers and periodicals

In 2017, the country exported a total of 21,720,200 books, newspapers and periodicals and 78,318,100 US dollars. Compared with the previous year, the quantity increased by 0.10% and the amount increased by 0.60%. Among them, the national publications import and export business units have exported 18,707,200 copies and 60,246,600 US dollars; Compared with the previous year, the quantity increased by 5.96% and the amount increased by 2.34%. The cumulative export composition of national publications import and export business units is as follows:

1. The export of books was 12,327,100 copies and 54,605,300 dollars. Compared with the previous year, the quantity decreased by 15.00% and the amount increased by 0.98%.

2. Journals exported 3,351,900 copies and 5,043,700 US dollars. Compared with the previous year, the quantity increased by 26.16% and the amount increased by 13.65%.

3. Newspapers exported 3,028,200 copies and US$ 597,600. Compared with the previous year, the quantity increased by 511.14% and the amount increased by 68.24%.

The quantity and amount of all kinds of books exported by the national publication import and export business units and their proportion in the total book exports of the national publication import and export business units are as follows:

1. There are 1,770,900 books of philosophy and social sciences, amounting to 14,380,300 US dollars, accounting for 14.36% of the quantity and 26.34% of the amount.

2. There are 1,443,200 books on culture and education, and the amount is 10,017,000 US dollars, accounting for 11.71% of the quantity and 18.34% of the amount.

3. There are 1,989,200 volumes of literature and art, amounting to 11,029,200 US dollars, accounting for 16.14% of the quantity and 20.20% of the amount.

4. There are 468,100 copies of natural science and technology, and the amount is 2,910,300 US dollars, accounting for 3.80% of the quantity and 5.33% of the amount.

5. 5,397,000 children’s books and 8,023,500 US dollars, accounting for 43.78% of the quantity and 14.69% of the amount.

6. The comprehensive category is 1,258,700 copies and 8,245,000 US dollars, accounting for 10.21% of the quantity and 15.10% of the amount.

II. Import of books, newspapers and periodicals

In 2017, the national publication import and export business units imported a total of 32,556,000 books, newspapers and periodicals and 319,787,600 US dollars. Compared with the previous year, the quantity increased by 4.74% and the amount increased by 6.41%. Among them:

1. The import of books was 20,335,900 copies and 170,369,400 US dollars. Compared with the previous year, the quantity increased by 31.06% and the amount increased by 18.13%.

2. Journals imported 3,117,400 copies and US$ 135,950,100. Compared with the previous year, the quantity decreased by 7.87% and the amount decreased by 3.84%.

3. Newspapers imported 9,102,700 copies and US$ 13,468,100. Compared with the previous year, the quantity decreased by 25.28% and the amount decreased by 9.79%.

The quantity, amount and proportion of all kinds of books imported are as follows:

1. There are 863,900 books of philosophy and social sciences, with a total amount of 25,490,100 US dollars, accounting for 4.25% of the quantity and 14.96% of the amount.

2. 4,363,800 copies of culture and education, with a total amount of US$ 39,037,000, accounting for 21.46% of the quantity and 22.91% of the amount.

3. There are 2,651,100 volumes of literature and art, amounting to 21,080,400 US dollars, accounting for 13.04% of the quantity and 12.37% of the amount.

4. There are 663,800 natural, scientific and technological books and 23,685,600 US dollars, accounting for 3.26% of the quantity and 13.91% of the amount.

5. There were 6,905,900 children’s books and 23,719,800 US dollars, accounting for 33.96% of the quantity and 13.92% of the amount.

6. Comprehensive category: 4,887,400 copies, USD 37,356,500, accounting for 24.03% of the quantity and 21.93% of the amount.

Iii. Export of audio-visual products, electronic publications and digital publications

In 2017, the country exported a total of 64,000 boxes (sheets) of audio-visual products, electronic publications and digital publications and US$ 29,330,900. Compared with the previous year, the quantity decreased by 45.56% and the amount decreased by 9.07%. Among them: the national publication import and export business units have exported 19,300 boxes (sheets) and 1,633,400 US dollars; Compared with the previous year, the quantity increased by 45.40% and the amount increased by 4.42%.

The cumulative export composition of national publications import and export business units is as follows:

1. There are 18,123 high-density laser discs (DVD-A) with a total cost of USD 304,900, accounting for 93.93% of the total number and 18.67% of the total amount.

2. 1,171 high-density laser discs (DVD-V) with a price of $7,800, accounting for 6.07% of the total and 0.48% of the total.

3. Digital publications amounted to USD 1,320,700, accounting for 80.86% of the export value.

Iv. import of audio-visual products, electronic publications and digital publications

In 2017, the national publication import and export business units imported a total of 135,600 boxes (sheets) of audio-visual products, electronic publications and digital publications and 345,844,600 US dollars. Compared with the previous year, the quantity increased by 25.40% and the amount increased by 33.74%. Among them:

1. There are CD)130951 compact discs (CDs), amounting to USD 1,198,500, accounting for 96.61% of the total number and 0.35% of the total amount. Compared with the previous year, the quantity increased by 33.27% and the amount increased by 24.95%.

2. 4,600 high-density laser discs (DVD-V) with a price of US$ 101,000, accounting for 3.39% of the quantity and 0.03% of the amount. Compared with the previous year, the quantity decreased by 53.23% and the amount decreased by 41.69%.

3. Digital publications amounted to $344,545,100, accounting for 99.62% of the import value. Compared with the previous year, the amount increased by 33.82%.

Copyright management and copyright trade

I. Copyright management

(1) Accepting and investigating cases

In 2017, copyright administrative authorities at all levels in China inspected 636,864 business units, banned 4,102 illegal business units, seized 155 underground dens, imposed 3,552 administrative penalties, and transferred 442 cases to judicial organs.

(two) the collection of pirated goods

In 2017, local copyright administrative authorities collected 9,709,300 pirated products, including 5,468,200 pirated books, 1,393,500 boxes of pirated audio-visual products, 169,600 pirated electronic publications, 365,400 pirated software and 2,312,600 other pirated products.

(3) Registration of copyright contracts

In 2017, 20015 copyright contracts were registered nationwide, including 16,526 books, 109 periodicals, 1,860 audio-visual products, 424 electronic publications, 869 software and 227 others.

(4) Voluntary registration of works

In 2017, 2,068,388 works were voluntarily registered nationwide, including 487,238 written works, 184 oral works, 11,683 musical works, 179 folk arts, 270 dances, 28 acrobatics, 668,930 works of fine arts, 778,647 photographic works, 351 buildings, 45,938 movies and TV shows, and design drawings.

Second, copyright trade

(A) the introduction of copyright

1. General situation

In 2017, a total of 18,120 copyrights were introduced nationwide, including 17,154 books, 147 audio recordings, 364 video recordings and 372 electronic publications.

The introduction for copyright is as follows:

There are 6,645 in the United States, 2,991 in Britain, 951 in Germany, 1,164 in France, 93 in Russia, 170 in Canada, 259 in Singapore, 2,232 in Japan, 183 in South Korea, 165 in Hong Kong, China, 0 in Macao, China, 946 in Taiwan, China and 2,321 in other regions.

2. Introduction of publication copyright

In 2017, a total of 18,037 copyrights of books, audio-visual products and electronic publications were introduced nationwide. Among them; the introduction for book copyright is as follows:

There are 6,217 in the United States, 2,835 in Britain, 933 in Germany, 1,133 in France, 90 in Russia, 156 in Canada, 249 in Singapore, 2,101 in Japan, 168 in South Korea, 139 in Hong Kong, China, 0 in Macao, China, 917 in Taiwan, China and 2,216 in other regions.

(2) Copyright output

1. General situation

In 2017, a total of 13,816 copyrights were exported nationwide, including 10,670 books, 322 audio recordings, 102 video recordings and 1,557 electronic publications.

The situation for copyright output is as follows:

There are 1,213 in the United States, 496 in Britain, 498 in Germany, 222 in France, 309 in Russia, 273 in Canada, 363 in Singapore, 330 in Japan, 540 in South Korea, 1,177 in Hong Kong, China, 141 in Macao, China, 2,035 in Taiwan, China and 6,219 in other regions.

2. Publication copyright output

In 2017, 12,651 copyrights of books, audio-visual products and electronic publications were exported nationwide. Among them; the output for book copyright is as follows:

There are 592 in the United States, 421 in Britain, 421 in Germany, 172 in France, 306 in Russia, 222 in Canada, 254 in Singapore, 327 in Japan, 490 in South Korea, 339 in Hong Kong, China, 87 in Macao, China, 1909 in Taiwan, China and 5130 in other regions.

(Note: The statistical data does not include the relevant statistical data of Hong Kong, China, Macao, China and Taiwan, China. )